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Web Server Administration

Web Server Administration . Chapter 9 Extending the Web Environment. Overview. Understand File Transfer Protocol (FTP) services Install and configure an FTP server in Windows Install and configure an FTP server in Linux Understand News servers Configure remote access to a server

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Web Server Administration

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  1. Web Server Administration Chapter 9 Extending the Web Environment

  2. Overview • Understand File Transfer Protocol (FTP) services • Install and configure an FTP server in Windows • Install and configure an FTP server in Linux • Understand News servers • Configure remote access to a server • Understand streaming media servers • Understand e-commerce software

  3. Understanding FTP Services • FTP is used to transfer files from a server to a client (download) and transfer files from a client to a server (upload) • FTP client is the browser • Also command-line and GUI clients • FTP servers can operate as anonymous servers or they can require a valid logon • Typically, they are anonymous • FTP servers are not secure; user names and passwords are not sent encrypted

  4. Understanding FTP Services • The client connects to port 21 (control port) • Port 20 (data port) is used to tell the client which unprivileged port to use for data transfer • The above describes passive mode FTP, the most common type

  5. Communicating with FTP

  6. Communicating with FTP

  7. Communicating with FTP

  8. Install and Configure Windows FTP Server • Windows component • Part of IIS • Configured through Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager

  9. Configure FTP Messages • Banner appears when client connects • Welcome appears when logged on • Exit appears when client exits from server • Maximum connections appears when limit is reached and client cannot connect

  10. Install FTP in Linux • The wu-ftpd FTP server was developed by Washington University • Once the rpm is installed, enable FTP • chkconfig wu-ftpd on • Restart xinetd service to recognize change • service xinetd restart

  11. Configure /etc/ftpaccess • The /etc/ftpaccess file is the main configuration file • By default, users with IDs less than or equal to 99 are not allowed • They are for system users and daemons • Because the ftp user is a system user, you have to allow it with • allow-uid ftp • allow-gid ftp

  12. Configure /etc/ftpaccess • Limit user to a maximum of five failed logons before a disconnect • loginfails 5 • Check for password that conforms to e-mail address • passwd-check rfc822 warn

  13. Control Access • Set up user classes • class all real,guest,anonymous * • class local real 192.168.0.0/24 • Set limits for class • file-limit out 25 anonymous • file-limit in 10 local • byte-limit out 2000000 anonymous

  14. Configure Messages • To receive notice that a readme file exists at login or any current working directory (cwd) • readme README* login • readme README* cwd=* • To display a message when a user logs on or moves to a directory • message /welcome.msg login • message .message cwd=* • To create a banner message when client connects • banner /etc/banner.txt

  15. Understanding News Servers • News servers allow threaded discussions • You post messages in a newsgroup • A newsgroup focuses on a single topic • There are more than 40,000 public newsgroups • There are hundreds of gigabytes of information generated per day • News servers can be set up for use within an organization

  16. Configuring Telnet in Linux • By default, telnet is installed but not enabled • chkconfig telnet on • service xinetd restart • Telnet should not be used in a non-secure environment such as over the Internet because user names and passwords are not encrypted • ssh is a secure replacement (described in Chapter 10) • You cannot log on as root • However, you can log on as another user and "su root"

  17. Telnet and Windows • Telnet is not popular in Windows because telnet is text-based and Windows relies on a GUI • However, there are many command-line utilities that can be used, especially in Windows Server 2003 • Before Windows, Microsoft networking depended on a single command net with many options • cacls can be used to alter permissions • netsh starts a networking shell which allows you to configure and display many network-related items

  18. Common net Commands

  19. cacls options • The format is: cacls file or folder name [options]

  20. netsh Examples • Create a text file with commands to re-create the IP configuration • netsh interface ip dump • Ping the gateway IP address of each NIC • netsh diag ping gateway • In Windows Server 2003 • Display errors in system log • Manage network monitor and performance • Defragment a drive • Shut down a server

  21. Terminal Services in Windows • GUI-based access to a server • Can be used for remote administration or running applications remotely • In Windows 2000, you select remote administration on installation • In Windows Server 2003, it is installed already and you have to enable it • Client software is included in Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP • You have to install client software for Windows 2000

  22. Understanding Streaming Media Services • Used to transfer video and audio • By default, UDP is used • Although TCP and HTTP can be used because of firewall issues in an organization • No single standard exists as is true with SMTP, HTTP, POP3, and others • Broadcast methods • unicast – each packet is sent individually to each client • multicast – each packet is sent to many clients

  23. Understanding Streaming Media Services • Helix Universal Server from Real Networks is popular • Recognizes both Real Networks protocols (RTSP, PNA) and the Microsoft protocol (MMS) • Windows Media Services is a Windows component • Creates a folder called \ASFRoot to store Advanced Streaming Format (ASF) files

  24. Understanding E-Commerce Servers • Can be as simple as a product list and a shopping cart • Can be as complex as amazon.com or dell.com • Microsoft Commerce Server is an add-on to IIS • Incorporates a number of features required for a typical e-commerce site • Highly customizable

  25. Summary • Use FTP to transfer files • You use News servers to set up threaded discussions on a variety of topics • Telnet and Windows Terminal Services allow you to remotely administer a server • Streaming media servers are used for video and audio • E-commerce servers focus on selling and in general, communicating with customers

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