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Capitol Hill Ocean Week 14 June 2006 Marine Debris in Hawaii Mary J. Donohue, Ph.D. University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program donohuem@hawaii.edu Outline The Problem Impacts Mitigation Science Challenges Recommendations Marine Debris Movement
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Presentation Transcript
14 June 2006
Marine Debris in Hawaii
Mary J. Donohue, Ph.D.
University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Programdonohuem@hawaii.edu
Outline
- The Problem
- Impacts
- Mitigation
- Science
- Challenges
- Recommendations
- Oceanic currents & atmospheric winds = North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
- Subtropical Convergence Zone
(Kubota 1994, Ingraham and Ebbesmeyer 2001, Donohue et al. 2001, Timmers et al. 2005)
Marine Debris Impacts
- Degraded Aesthetics
- Navigational Hazard / Vessel Damage
- Wildlife Ingestion
- Wildlife Entanglement / Ghost Fishing
- Habitat Damage
- Alien Species Vector
Images courtesy NOAA Fisheries
Harmful effects:
- Intestinal blockage
- Starvation
- Death
- Decreased food consumption
- Loss of nutrition
- Internal injury
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Courtesy UH Sea Grant
Wildlife Entanglement
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
- Commercial fish & shellfish stocks = up to 30% of landings(Laist 1996)
- 50% of CA derelict lobster traps actively fishing (Gilardi, Pers. Comm.)
- Ghost catch of octopus in Kyushu, Japan = commercial landing (200 - 500K animals) (Matsuoka, Pers. Comm.)
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Diadumene lineata
Introduction of Alien Species
Invasive
sea anemone found on net at Pearl & Hermes Atoll, 2000
(Zabin et al. 2004, Godwin, Pers. Comm.)
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Selected Hawaii Marine Debris Projects
- Debris removal Waiohinu - Ka Lae Coast, Hawaii Island*
- Debris removal - main Hawaiian Islands*
- Honolulu port reception & recycling program*
- Get the Drift and Bag It Beach Cleanup** (TOC)
- Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Multi-Agency Marine Debris Removal*
*Funded by NOAA ORR Marine Debris Program
**The Ocean Conservancy annual beach cleanup
Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsMulti-Agency Marine Debris Cleanup
1998-2003
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Debris Recycling
*100 tons of derelict fishing net =
552 barrels of oil
323,019 KwH
43 homes/year
US $50,000
Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corporation (formerly Hawaii Metals Recycling), City & County of Honolulu, Covanta Energy; *Wigg, Pers. Comm.
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
NWHI Fishing Net Marine Debris,1998-2002
N = 3979
EPO Tuna FADs?
(Boland and Donohue 2005, Donohue et al. 2001, Timmers and Donohue 2000, Donohue 2005)
Twisted Knotted
Twisted Knotless
Braided Knotted
Braided Knotless
Double Stranded
Multi-panel Trawl
Courtesy NOAA Fisheries Service
Debris Analysis – Monofilament Gill Net
80 – 140 mm Mesh Size
Salmon
Squid
N = 198
(Timmers and Donohue 2000)
(Donohue and Foley, in review)
Biweekly marine debris deposition and El Niño at French Frigate Shoals, 1990-2006
*
*
*P < 0.05
(Morishige et al., Pers. Comm.)
Debris Accumulation
(Boland and Donohue, 2003)
Challenges
- Polluters transfer costs
- Economic and ecological costs
- International scope
- MARPOL Annex V
- Enforcement
Recommendations
- Expand international / industry participation
- Source identification
- Economic analyses of impacts
- Scientific studies of impacts
- Maintain removal efforts
- Expand recycling
- Expand outreach / education
Thank you
For additional information:
UH Sea Grant: www.soest.hawaii.edu/seagrant
Mary J. Donohue: donohuem@hawaii.edu
Northwestern Hawaiian IslandsMulti-Agency Marine Debris Cleanup Partners
National Marine Fisheries Service
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
Pacific Sea Grant College Programs
Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program
US Coast Guard
US Fish & Wildlife Service
Hawaii Metals Recycling/ Schnitzer Steel Hawaii Corporation
Horizon Waste Services, Inc.
City & County of Honolulu
US Navy
Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council
US State Department
Natural Resources Consultants, Inc.
Hawaii State DLNRHawaii Audubon Society
Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine SanctuaryHawaii Ocean Safety TeamThe Ocean ConservancyOcean Futures SocietyHawaii State DBEDTCovanta Energy
Any omissions unintended
References
Boland, R. and M.J. Donohue. 2003. Marine debris accumulation in the aquatic habitat of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi: an impediment to species recovery? Marine Pollution Bulletin 46(11):1385-1394.
Donohue, M.J., 2005. Eastern Pacific source of Northwestern Hawaiian Islands marine debris supported by errant fish aggregating device. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50(6):886-888, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.05.003.
Donohue, M.J., 2003. How multi-agency partnerships can address large-scale pollution problems: a Hawaii case study. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46(6):700-702. Invited manuscript.
Donohue, M.J., R. Boland, C.M. Sramek, and G.A. Antonelis. 2001. Derelict fishing gear in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: diving surveys and debris removal at two atolls confirms threat to coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42(12):1301-1312.
Donohue, M.J. and D. Foley. In review. Remote sensing links Hawaiian monk seal conservation, pollution and El Niño. Marine Mammal Science.
Gilardi, K. Personal Communication.
Godwin, S. Personal Communication.
Henderson, J.R. 2001. A pre- and post-MARPOL Annex V summary of Hawaiian monk seal entanglements and marine debris accumulation in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands 1982-1988. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42(7):584-589.
References
Ingraham, W.J. Jr. and Ebbesmeyer, C.C. 2001. Surface current concentration of floating marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean: 12-year OSCURS model experiments. In Proceedings of the Internationl Conference on Derelict Fishing Gear and the Ocean Environment, 2001. Hawaiian Island Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary Publication.
Kubota, M. 1994. A mechanism for the accumulation of floating marine debris north of Hawaii. Journal of Physical Oceanography 24, 1059-1064.
Laist, D.W. 1997. Impacts of marine debris: entanglement of marine life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with entanglement and ingestion records. In Marine Debris Sources, Impacts, and Solutions, eds. J.M. Coe and D.B. Rogers. Springer-Verlag, New York, Inc. pp.99-139.
Matsuoka, Tatsuro. Personal Communication.
Morishige, C. Personal Communication.
Timmers, M.A., C.A. Kistner and M.J. Donohue. 2005. Marine debris of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: ghost net identification. University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program publication. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-AR-05-01.
References
Timmers, M and M. Donohue, 2003. Identifying putative fisheries from derelict fishing gear recovered in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology International, Sixth Regional Symposium PACON 2003: Ocean Capital Year. Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Jun. 29 – Jul. 2, 2003
Wigg, H. Personal Communication.
Zabin, C.J., J.T. Carlton and L.S. Godwin, 2003. First report of the Asian sea anemone Diadumene lineata from the Hawaiian Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2003, Part 2: 54-58.
