1 / 27

Re-emergence of bed bugs in the U.S.

Re-emergence of bed bugs in the U.S. Abelardo C. Moncayo, Ph.D. Vector-Borne Disease Section Tennessee Department of Health. Historical perspective. Bed bugs have plagued humans for thousands of years Origin of relationship remains unclear Originally a problem for the wealthy

Leo
Download Presentation

Re-emergence of bed bugs in the U.S.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Re-emergence of bed bugsin the U.S. Abelardo C. Moncayo, Ph.D. Vector-Borne Disease Section Tennessee Department of Health

  2. Historical perspective • Bed bugs have plagued humans for thousands of years • Origin of relationship remains unclear • Originally a problem for the wealthy • Enhanced by fire and heated homes • Present in literature as far back as 400 B.C.E.

  3. Decline of bed bugs • Three major factors: • DDT use in 1950s • Improved vacuum cleaners • Changes in home construction

  4. Current status • targeted pest treatments + bans, frequent travel have led to a bed bug resurgence in the U.S. • 300% increase in cases from 2000 to 2001 • 70% increase in cases in 2002 and 2003 • Orkin had a 20% increase in bed bug calls in 2004 • Reports of bed bugs in 43 states last year • Chemical companies are reluctant to enter the bed bug market because of failure to control • Difficult to detect, to treat, and often to identify

  5. Family Cimicidae : The bed bugs • About 91 species in 22 genera • 12 genera only parasitize bats • 9 genera only parasitize birds • 3 species parasitize humans • Cimex lectularius (worldwide) • Cimex hemipterus (tropics) • Leptocimex boueti (West Africa) • Other species of concern (may bite people) • Bat bug (Cimex adjunctus) • Swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius) • Chimney Swift Bug (Cimexopsis nyctalis) • Question of origin • Humans in caves • Bats in homes

  6. Human-biting bed bugs

  7. Cimex lectularius Bed Bug Cimex adjunctus Bat Bug Cimexopsis nyctalis Chimney Swift Bug 1 possible species Oeciacus vicarius Swallow Bug In Tennessee ?? Most likely 3 species

  8. Identification • Adults 1/4 to 3/8” long • Brown to reddish brown • Oval shaped • Flattened • Beak-like mouthparts • Small, stubby, nonfunctional wing pads • “Obnoxiously sweet” odor BED BUG

  9. Habits • External parasites that feed on blood • Humans are the preferred host ! • However - also feed on birds, rodents, bats, pets • Feed during the night with peak activity occurring just before dawn • Seek refuge during daylight in dark, protected areas • Prefer dry fabric, wood, and paper surfaces • Fast-moving

  10. Injury • Painless bite • Reaction to the injected saliva (individual variability) • Swelling • Rows of welts • Severe itching (hours to days) • No conclusive evidence of disease transmission • Hepatitis B • Chagas’ Disease • Anxiety

  11. ImmediateBite Reactions

  12. DelayedReactions (> 24 hrs.)

  13. Life Cycle Egg • Female can lay 1-12 eggs per day • Deposited on rough surfaces or in cracks and crevices • Hatch in 6-17 days

  14. Life Cycle Nymph • 5 instars • Require a blood meal to molt

  15. Life Cycle Adult • May live for 12-18 months • Total developmental time takes 21 days @ 86F and 120 days @ 65F • Nymphs and adults can survive for more than a year without Food !!

  16. Feeding - Several Instars

  17. Engorged Nymphs-1 & 2

  18. Engorging Adults & N - 2

  19. Prevention • Don’t bring infested items into the home • Inspect clothing and baggage of travelers • Inspect secondhand beds, bedding, and furniture • Exclude alternative hosts (birds, bats, rodents, etc.) • Caulk cracks & crevices in building’s exterior • Repair or screen openings

  20. Integrated Pest Management(IPM) • Correctly identify the pest • Thoroughly inspect the premises to locate harborage sites • Encourage sanitary conditions • Apply insecticides to targeted sites

  21. Inspection tips:recognize common signs • Blood stains from crushed bugs • Fecal spots • Shed skins & eggshells • Offensive, sweet, musty odor

  22. Inspection tips:common harborage sites • Cracks and crevices • Mattress, box springs, bed frame • Window and door frames • Baseboards • Carpet tack boards • Electrical boxes • Wall hangings • Drapery pleats • Loosened wallpaper • Ceiling moldings

  23. Sanitation • Vacuum mattress and premises • ** (dispose of vacuum bag) ** ?? • Scrub mattress seams • Dry clean or launder bedding and clothing in hot water - Dry on high heat. • Repair plaster cracks • Glue loosened wallpaper • Remove wild animal roosts and nests

  24. Chemical control • Hundreds of products ‘registered’ for use on bed bugs in US • Formulations • 196 pressurized liquids • 90 ready-to-use solutions • 53 emulsifiable concentrates • 47 dusts • Chemicals • 196 Permethrin • 140 Pyrethrins • 12 variations of ‘-thrins’

  25. Insecticides • Residual insecticides • Spot treat harborage sites • Dust formulations useful for wall voids and attics • Use only an appropriately labeled insecticide on mattresses • No insecticides are labeled for use on bedding or linens

  26. Misconceptions • Foreigners • Poor • Homeless • Reports • Type O blood, etc…

  27. Bed Bug Emergency Response Plan (BBERP)

More Related