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Excretion in Humans (part 2): The Human Urinary System

Learning Outcomes<br>Students should be able to:<br>- outline the function of the nephron with reference to ultra-filtration and selective reabsorption in the<br>production of urine

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Excretion in Humans (part 2): The Human Urinary System

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  1. The Mammalian Urinary System Right Left Consists of: • A pair of kidneys • A pair of ureters • A urinary bladder • Urethra

  2. The urinary system

  3. The Mammalian Urinary System…. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

  4. The Mammalian Urinary System Functions of: • Kidneys – remove urea & excess water from the blood • Ureters – transport urine from kidneys to the bladder. • Bladder – stores urine • Urethra – transport urine from bladder to the exterior. Right Left

  5. Longitudinal Section of a Kidney Consists of 2 main regions: 1) Cortex - outer dark- red region. 2) Medulla – inner thicker region which is paler red in colour. Consists of pyramids (conical structures), projecting into renal pelvis.

  6. Associated Blood Vessels • Renal Arteries: These brings oxygenated blood containing urea, & excess water & heat to the kidneys. • Renal Veins: These take away deoxygenated blood (urea, & excess water & heat have been removed) from the kidneys.

  7. The Mammalian Urinary System…. Figure 11.2

  8. A Kidney Tubule (Nephron) [pg.225 textbook]

  9. Nephron structure 2 6 3 5 1 7 4

  10. Glomerulus 2ndconvoluted tubule Renal artery Bowman’s capsule Collecting duct 1stconvoluted tubule Loop of Henle

  11. The Formation of Urine Involves 2 Processes: 1) Ultrafiltration (only small molecules can filter through) 2) Selective Reabsorption of useful substances needed by the body.

  12. The Stages of Urine Formation 1) Blood from renal artery brings metabolic waste (urea & excess water) & useful substances (glucose & amino acids) to the kidney tubule. 2) All small molecules (urea, glucose & amino acids) are forced into kidney tubule by the blood pressure (Ultrafiltration)

  13. The Stages of Urine Formation 3) Further down the tubule, useful substances such as glucose & amino acids are Selectively Reabsorbed into blood capillaries by active transport. Most water is reabsorbed by osmosis. 4) Excess water, mineral salts & urea continue down the tubule to form urine.

  14. Formation of Urine - Ultrafiltration Water Mineral Salts Glucose Amino Acids Nitrogenous Waste Products

  15. Formation of Urine…. Selective Reabsorption Ultrafiltration Selective Reabsorption

  16. Constituents of Urine • Constituents Before Selective Reabsorption • Water • Mineral Salts • Glucose • Amino Acids • Urea • Other Nitrogenous Waste Products

  17. Constituents of Urine • Constituents After Selective Reabsorption • Excess Water • Mineral Salts • Urea • Other Nitrogenous Waste Products

  18. Formation of Urine…. Substances Reabsorbed During Selective Reabsorption • Water By Osmosis • All the glucose • All the amino acid By Active Transport

  19. Constituents of Urine…. Constituents of Urine can vary according to Diet Higher Urea Concentration in Urine High Protein Diet

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