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Respiration in Humans (part 1): Aerobic vs Anaerobic respiration

Students should be able to: <br>- define and state the equation, in words and symbols, for aerobic respiration in humans<br>- define and state the equation, in words only, for anaerobic respiration in humans<br>- describe the effect of lactic acid in muscles during exercise

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Respiration in Humans (part 1): Aerobic vs Anaerobic respiration

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  1. Respiration Chapter 10

  2. Lesson Objectives ⚫What is respiration? ⚫Aerobic & Anaerobic respiration ⚫To show respiration in an animal ⚫Internal vs external respiration ⚫Breathing mechanisms ⚫Gaseous exchange in lungs ⚫Lung capacity

  3. Why do living organisms respire? ultimate source of energy (light) photosynthesis respiration → energy Light → chemical energy (stored in organic molecules) protein carbohydrate fat

  4. Respiration Definition: Respiration is the oxidation of food substances with the release of energy in living cells in living cells glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy Photosynthesis: light energy carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen chlorophyll

  5. Why respire? Uses of energy 1. Protein synthesis from a.a 2. Cell division 3. Heartbeat 4. Breathing (respiratory movements) 5. Muscular contractions 6. Active transport 7. Nerve impulse transmission, etc.

  6. Aerobic vs Anaerobic respiration

  7. Aerobic respiration (in the presence of O2) in living cells glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy Anaerobic respiration (in the absence of O2) partial breakdown Glucose → ethanol + CO2+ energy Energy yield is smaller c.t. aerobic respiration

  8. Alcoholic fermentation yeast Glucose → ethanol + CO2+ energy smell raising of bread Qn: Yeast is able to respire aerobically and anaerobically. How do we make them respire anaerobically?

  9. Olympics (400m relays) 1) aerobically 2) anaerobically

  10. Anaerobic respiration in muscles Start (O2abundant) respire aerobically (less O2) (less O2) (less O2) panting (remove CO2; take in O2) (shortage of O2) Energy output max. respire anaerobically (to meet energy demands; for short periods) Extra energy produced End (O2debt) Heavy breathing

  11. Changes in muscles during vigorous contractions

  12. Anaerobic respiration in muscles Insufficient O2 (vigorous muscle contraction) glucose → lactic acid + energy accumulation fatigue (high conc. of lactic acid) Muscle are said to incur an O2debt

  13. During the race… ⚫ muscular contractions are so vigorous that maximum aerobic respiration is unable to produce energy fast enough to meet energy demands ⚫ If vigorous muscular contractions continue, extra energy has to be produced by anaerobic respiration ⚫ Lactic acid is formed in the process ⚫ The small amount of energy released in anaerobic respiration, together with that produced in aerobic respiration, is sufficient to keep the muscles contracting ⚫ The muscles incur an O2debt ⚫ Lactic acid concentrations build up slowly in the muscles and eventually become high enough to cause fatigue and muscular pains

  14. During rest… Muscles (lactic acid) Glucose ready to go lactic acid transported to glucose transported to Liver oxidised lactic acid → energy lactic acid → glucose

  15. During rest… ⚫ the breathing rate continues to remain fast for some time to provide sufficient O2to repay the O2debt ⚫ Lactic acid is removed from the muscles and transported to the liver ⚫ In the liver, some of the lactic acid is oxidized to produce energy to convert the remaining lactic acid into glucose ⚫ When the lactic acid is used up, the O2debt is paid ⚫ Glucose is then transported back to the muscle and the body is now ready for another race

  16. How do we know if organisms respire?

  17. 10.1 To show respiration in an animal Leave for a few hours Dead cockroach (soaked in formalin to prevent decay) Live cockroach

  18. To show respiration in an animal After a few hours Dead cockroach (soaked in formalin to prevent decay) Live cockroach Note time taken for candle flame to go off

  19. 10.2 To find out whether CO2is given off during respiration Hydrogen carbonate indicator Predict the likely observations from the experiment CO2 absent CO2 present (red) (yellow)

  20. 10.2 To find out whether CO2is given off during respiration (ensures CO2absent) (chalky; presence of CO2) (absorbs CO2)

  21. 10.3 To find out whether carbon dioxide is given off during fermentation (creates anaerobic environment) (turns chalky; presence of CO2) (bubbles of CO2evolving)

  22. 10.4 To find out whether heat is produced during respiration (preservative + kills bacteria) (preservative + kills bacteria)

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