
Normal urothelium Cell layers Urothelium = all epithelial cells • Superficial/umbrella • Intermediate • 2 to >10 cells • Basal
Normal urothelial mucosa Mucosa = Urothelium + stroma beneath urothelium deep to muscularis mucosae
Normal urothelial mucosa Brunn’s nests Urothelium Mucosa Muscularis mucosae
Normal urothelial mucosa Urothelium Cystitis cystica Mucosa Muscularis mucosae
Muscularis mucosae Urothelium Lamina propria Mucosa Submucosa Lymphoid nodule Muscularis propria
Muscularis mucosae Distribution of muscularis mucosae (as % of bladders) Prominent & continuous 3 % Discontinuous & interrupted 20 % Scattered & dispersed 71 % Absent 6 % Muscularis propria
Pathologic staging of bladder tumors Ta and Tis tumors T1 tumors T2 tumors