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About the Indian TV program production
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Doordarshan is a public service broadcaster founded by the Government of India. • Established on 15 September 1959. • One of two divisions of PrasarBharati. • It is one of India’s largest broadcasting organisations in terms of studio and transmitter infrastructure. • It also broadcasts on digital terrestrial transmitters. Prof. GajendraDeoda , Sathaye college
DD provides television, online and mobile services throughout metropolitan and regional India, as well as overseas, through the satellite network.
Audience Segments • Audience measurement is essential as a significant source of funds for broadcasting is advertising and program sponsorship. • The popularity of a medium, a channel, or a program, as assessed by Audience measurement agencies, guides the advertisers and the advertising agencies in selecting the appropriate medium, the channel, and the time to reach a target audience.
Cultural impact on Indian Television • Portrayal of Indian Culture in Serials: It was found that men and women had moderate level of agreement on portrayal of Indian culture in serials as, joint family system promoted, child marriages, celebration of various Indian festivals, rituals performed during various occasions, values of different family relationships and female feticide, whereas men and women had very high level of agreement on portrayal of traditional outfits preferred by women as a part of Indian culture. • Portrayal of Indian Culture in Reality shows: It was found overall men and women had moderate level of agreement on portrayal of Indian culture in reality shows. women had comparatively higher level of more to male participants, participants looking beautiful and funky and traditional folk from are promoted whereas men had comparatively higher level of moderate agreement on portrayal of filmy culture id adopted more in shows, western dancing and singing patterns are more popular than traditional, people participate more in singing and dancing show than any other shows and youngsters participate at any cost.
Cultural impact on Indian Television • Portrayal of Indian Culture in Religious shows: It was found that overall men and women had moderate level of agreement on portrayal of Indian culture in religious shows. Women had comparatively higher level of moderate agreement on portrayal of Indian culture as, Viewers can solve their queries by direct or indirect communication with religious gurus, Dharmik puja of various gods & goddesses is shown and Aarti of various pilgrims can be viewed, whereas men and women had similar level of moderate agreement on portrayal of Indian culture as, Viewers get a chance to worship all pilgrims on their TV set and Viewers can listen to the speech of big religious gurus. • Portrayal of Indian Culture in Sports shows: It was found that overall men and women had moderate level of agreement on portrayal of Indian culture in sports shows. It is seen in the above table that women had comparatively higher level of moderate agreement on portrayal of Indian culture as, Not promoting athletics or any other sports, Wastage of productivity of time, energy and money and Do not promote indoor games, whereas men had comparatively higher level of moderate agreement on portrayal of Indian culture as, Cricket given more importance than any other sport, Public emotion converted into business, Advertising/popularizing cricket more than any other sports and Playing cricket brings more name & fame than any other sport.
SATELLITE TELEVISION IN INDIA • The following satellite television services are being operated by Doordarshan: National networking service (DD-1), DD News (DD-2), DD-Sports, DD-Urdu, DD-India, DD-Bharati and DD-HD, Regional services in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, UP, Assam, Maharashtra, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tripura, Odisha, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal), Haryana, Mizoram, Jharkhand, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands.
The Growth of satellite television in the Country:- The central government launched a series of economic and social reforms in 1991 under Prime Minister NarasimhaRao. Under the new policies the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. Foreign channels line CNN. Star TV and domestic channels, such as Zee TV and Sun TV started Satellite broadcasts starting with 41 sets in 1992 and are channel, by 1991 TV in India covered more than 400 million, individuals through more than 100 Channels.
PRIVATE TELEVISION IN INDIA • The introduction of communication channels have been a revolution step in bringing so many private channels in our country. The advent of private channels started in India on the 1990՚s after CNN broadcasted The Gulf War. Hong Kong based STAR (Satellite Television Asian Region) entered into an agreement with an Indian company and Zee TV was born. It became the first privately owned Hindi satellite channel of India. • There are currently 900 permitted private satellite television channels in India as of February 2021. Prof. GajendraDeoda , Sathaye college
Formats • Television program formats: • Clip • Docufiction • Documentary • Single (One-time) Episode • Made-for-tv Film • Franchise • Miniseries • Micro-series • Mockumentary • Pilot • Prequel • Reboot • Remake • Segment • Sequel • Serial • Series • Short • Show • Special • Spin-off • Unaired Episode/Pilot • Television program types: • Animated • Anime • Computer Animation (CGI) • Stop-motion • Traditional Animation • Live-action • Models • Puppetry • And Combinations Thereof.
GESTALT THEORY OF VISUAL LITERACY • Gestalt is a psychology term which means “unified whole”. It refers to theories of visual perception developed by German psychologists in the 1920s. These theories attempt to describe how people tend to organize visual elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied.
Similarity This image is made of triangles and head of eagle that has similar elements to triangles and this is why this looks like whole image and not similar elements. • Anomaly This is when with few similar objects, one is different like above image where last figure is emphasized.
Continuation: This means that element of image is making eye follow it to next image with e.g. line like the line above to maple leaf. • Closure: Image does not always need to be completed because eye sometimes completes shape if there is enough elements, example is panda logo below:
Proximity a. In example a. squares are quite far from each other so they are seen as separate elements but in example b. they are close to each other so they are seen as one whole image which means with proximity. • Figure ground This is when figure (object) stands out from background by using e.g. contrast.
Semiotics • Semiotics, or semiology, is the study of signs, symbols, and signification. It is the study of how meaning is created, not what it is. Below are some brief definitions of semiotic terms, beginning with the smallest unit of meaning and proceeding towards the larger and more complex: • Signifier: any material thing that signifies, e.g., words on a page, a facial expression, an image. • Signified: the concept that a signifier refers to. (Semiotic Terminology, nd.)
REPORTING SKILLS • To understand the techniques of reporting • To know the skills of gathering news and art of writing the news • To understand the importance of clarity and accuracy in writing news • To study the types of reporting • To learn the art of writing Articles, Editorials, Middle, Profiles, and Letters to the Editor, Book Reviews, Film Review and Sports Reviews • The know about photojournalism
Researching a Topic Research usually mean good library. Currently with high tech computer searches for topics, research is easier and faster than ever, but good research is time consuming. One of the best ways to do quality research is to organize. If a producer organizes the topic carefully from the beginning, the whole organization of further research, the format or outline of the documentary, the pre-production script, and the order of videotaping the production will be created at the same time. Quality research can also reveal potential locations for videotaping, available prerecorded videotape and film, the acquisition of still photographs, contact persons, and potential interviewees, besides the content nature of the topic itself.
Audio Editing is the process of taking recorded sound and changing it directly on the recording medium. • Audio editing was a new technology that developed in the middle part of the 20th century with the advent of magnetic tape recording. Originally, editing was done on reel-to-reel tape machines and edits were made with straight razors and special tape to connect pieces of tape that had been cut. Audio editors would listen to recorded tapes at low volumes, and then located specific sounds using a process called scrubbing, which is the slow rocking back and forth of the tape reels across the playback heads of the tape deck.
A Sound Editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling sound recordings in preparation for the final sound mixing or mastering of a television program or motion picture. Sound editing developed out of the need to fix the incomplete, undramatic, or technically inferior sound recordings of early talkies, and over the decades has become a respected filmmaking craft, with sound editors implementing the aesthetic goals of motion picture sound design. • The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences recognizes the artistic contribution of exceptional sound editing with the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing.
Use of Graphics • TV graphics used to be limited to whatever you could photograph with a video camera. • Today, most graphics used in TV programming are computer generated and range all the way from displaying the name of the person being interviewed to totally realistic backgrounds and settings.
Special effects • Special effects (often abbreviated as SFX, SPFX, F/X or simply FX) are illusions or visual tricks used in the theatre, film, television, video game, and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual world. • Special effects are traditionally divided into the categories of mechanical effects and optical effects. With the emergence of digital film-making a distinction between special effects and visual effects has grown, with the latter referring to digital post-production and optical effects, while "special effects" refers to mechanical effects.
Positioning the Camera for TV shots • The camera position (also known as camera angle) impacts on the way we interpret a film sequence. Imagine, for example, a silhouetted figure framed by a doorway. This is a classic horror shot and the camera is usually positioned at a low angle, looking up at the character looming above.
Top shot/Bird’s eye view • Worm’s eye view • Low angle
High level • Eye level
Ways To Find Stories For News • People • The Competition • Your Portfolio • Comment Boards and Forums • The Calendar • Silence • Search Statistics
What does a News Package Include? • A well-written news story • On-camera reporter stand-ups • Visually appealing and relevant footage that helps tell the story • On-camera interviews with primary or secondary sources
In relation to news coverage it includes issues such as: • Impartiality • Objectivity • Balance- Imbalance • Privacy breach • Biased • Stereotyping • Obscenity • Product placement • Defamation • Ownership and control • Commercialization • Deregulation.
Presenting reality in TV via News • Television has altered the way news is constructed and delivered. Due to competition and TRP, television news channels are experimenting with different techniques to attract attention and reach audiences. Reconstruction with the help of graphics and animation along with docudramas has become quite common in various kinds of television programs. From hard to soft news story-telling television channels have adopted different patterns of visual construction to make an emotional appeal to the audience. Media theories have established the power of visual media in the common man’s life.
Presenting reality in TV via Debates • Talk shows, with people arguing for and against a particular subject, have begun to top the charts in recent years as they reflect audience’s minds. • But sometimes, when socially-sensitive topics are discussed on screen, they have been met with stiff opposition from some factions of society. • Some television channels have also faced criticism for choosing debates on frivolous topics on their long-running shows. According to channel sources, however, such topics are discussed to present issues in a lighter vein.
