COGMATES

1. COGMATES Cognate Probably my worst name ever for a presentation. Anyway this basically has two uses in my classroom as well as potential for independent study. My yr 11 are taking AS Spanish early so I’m trying to find ways of maximising vocab retention as well as practising grammar. The idea is that they can express themselves using cognate verbs as far as possible which means they can concentrate on forming good arguments instead of worrying about not knowing the verb they want to use. This has drills for many verbs in lots of tenses as well as uses with infinitives, pronouns, subjunctives and nouns. Simply put into slide show view (shift +f5) and the English will appear. Click once to reveal correct Spanish. I use it with mini whiteboards. There are flickers on final slide for starter.

2. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Abandona Abandonan Abandonó Abandonaron Abandonaba Abandonaban It abandons They abandon It abandoned They abandoned It used to abandon They used to leave Conditional Future Abandonaría Abandonarían It would abandon They would abandon Va a abandonar Van a abandonar It is going to abandon They are going to abandon ABANDONAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ABANDON/ LEAVE/QUIT/ GIVE UP Para abandonar Abandonado In order to abandon Abandoned Alternatives… DEJAR / IRSE / RENUNCIAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esimportanteque no abandonensueducación Lo abandonaron Fueabandonado It’s important that they don’t quit education They quit it It was abandoned

3. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Abole Abolen Abolió Abolieron Abolía Abolían It abolishes They abolish It abolished They abolished BLANK Conditional Future Aboliría Abolirían It would abolish They would abolish Va a abolir Van a abolir It is going to abolish They are going to abolish ABOLIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ABOLISH/GET RI D OF En lugar de abolir Abolido Instead of abolishing Abolished Alternatives… PROHIBIR/CANCELAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Para queabolan Quierenabolirlos Seríamejorabolirlo So that they abolish They want to abolish them It would be better to abolish it

4. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Abusa Abusan Abusó Abusaron Abusaba Abusaban It abuses They abuse It abused They abused It used to abuse They used to abuse Conditional Future Abusaría Abusarían It would abuse They would abuse Va a abusar Van a abusar It is going to abuse They are going to abuse ABUSAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ABUSE/TO EXPLOIT/TO MISUSE Antes de abusar Abusado Before abusing Abused Alternatives… MALTRATAR/EXPLOTAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Es terrible queabusensupoder. Lo abusó mucho El abusoquesufren It’s terrible that they abuse their power He abused it a lot The abuse they suffer

5. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Acepta Aceptan Aceptó Aceptaron Aceptaba Aceptaban It accepts They accept It accepted They accepted It used to accept They used to accept Conditional Future Aceptaría Aceptarían Vaa aceptar Van a aceptar It would accept They would accept It is going to accept They are going to accept ACEPTAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ACCEPT / TO ALLOW/ TO TAKE Despuésde aceptar Aceptado After accepting Accepted Alternatives… ADMITIR / TOLERAR / CONSENTIR /TOMAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase No esnecesarioqueacepten esto. No lo acepto Fueronaceptados It’s not necessary for them to accept this I don’t accept it They were accepted

6. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Acompaña Acompañan Acompañó Acompañaron Acompañaba Acompañaban It accompanies They accompany It accompanied They accompanied It used to accompany They used to accompany Conditional Future Acompañaría Acompañarían Va a acompañar Van a acompañar It would accompany They would accompany It is going to accompany They are going to accompany ACOMPAÑAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ACCOMPANY Los problemas de acompañar Acompañado The problems of accompanying Accompanied Alternatives… IR CON / ASOCIARSE CON Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esmejorqueacompañen a sus niños Los va a acompañar Fueacompañadoporsu padre It’s better that they accompany their children It is going to accompany them He was accompanied by his father

7. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Activa Activan Activó Activaron Activaba Activaban It activates • They activate It activated • They activated • It used to activate • They used to activate Conditional Future Activaría Activarían Vaa activar Van a activar • It would activate • They would activate It is going to activate They are going to activate ACTIVAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ACTIVATE / TO START / TO CAUSE Deben activar Activado They must activate • Activated Alternatives… MOVILIZAR / ESTIMULAR / CAUSAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esfácilactivarlo It’s easy to activate it Quierenqueactiven un nuevosistema ¿Cómose activa la máquina? They want them to activate a new system How is the machine activated?

8. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Actúa Actúan Actuó Actuaron Actuaba Actuaban It acts • They act It acted • They acted • It used to act • They used to act Conditional Future Actuaría Actuarían Vaa actuar Van a actuar • It would act • They would act It is going to act They are going to act ACTUAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ACT / TO BEHAVE Deben actuar Actuado They must act • acted Alternatives… COMPORTARSE Subjunctive phrase Noun* Random phrase Esirritantequeactúen así Comportamiento Actúan con respeto It’s annoying that they act like this Behaviour They act with respect

9. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Adapta Adaptan Adaptó Adaptaron Adaptaba Adaptaban It adapts • They adapt It adapted • They adapted • It used to adapt • They used to adapt Conditional Future Adaptaría Adaptarían Va a adaptar Van a adaptar • It would adapt • They would adapt It is going to adapt They are going to adapt ADAPTAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ADAPT / TO CHANGE Deberíamosadaptar Adaptado We should adapt • adapted Alternatives… CAMBIAR / CONVERTIR / AJUSTAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Es tonto que no adapten sus leyes. Lo adaptó Necesitanadaptar It silly they don’t adapt their laws They adapted it They need to adapt

10. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Admira Admiran Admiró Admiraron Admiraba Admiraban It admires • They admire It admired • They admired • It used to admire • They used to admire Conditional Future Admiraría Admirarían • It would admire • They would admire It is going to admire They are going to admire Va a admirar Van a admirar ADMIRAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ADMIRE They should admire Deberíanadmirar Admirado • admired Alternatives… GUSTARLE/CONTEMPLAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Si fuerafamosa, no admiraría a los modelos La admiración Fueadmirado If I were famous, I wouldn’t admire models Admiration It was admired

11. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Admite Admiten Admitió Admitieron Admitía Admitían It admits • They admit It admitted • They admitted • It used to admit • They used to admit Conditional Future Admitiría Admitirían Va a admitir Van a admitir • It would admit • They would admit It is going to admit They are going to admit ADMITIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ADMIT Después de admitir Admitido After admitting • admitted Alternatives… ACEPTAR/CONSENTIR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esnecesarioqueadmitan sus problemas Si lo admiten Esmejoradmitir It’s necessary they admit their problems If they admit it It’s better to admit

12. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Amplia Amplian Amplió Ampliaron Ampliaba Ampliaban It amplifies • They amplify It amplified • They amplified • It used to amplify • They used to amplify Conditional Future Ampliaría Ampliarían Va a ampliar Van a ampliar • It would amplify • They would amplify It is going to amplify They are going to amplify AMPLIAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO AMPLIFY Para ampliar Ampliado In order to amplify • amplified Alternatives… ALARGAR/AUMENTAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Sugieroqueamplien.. Lo van a ampliar Tienequeampliarlasposibilidades I suggest that they amplify They are going to amplify it It has to amplify the possibilities

13. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense It analyses • They analyse It analysed • They analysed • It used to analyse • They used to analyse Analiza Analizan Analizó Analizaron Analizaba Analizaban Conditional Future • It would analyse • They would analyse It is going to analyse They are going to analyse Analizaría Analizarían Va a analizar Van a analizar ANALIZAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ANALYSE After analysing • analysed Despuésde analizar Analizado Alternatives… ESTUDIAR/MIRAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase I hope they analyse their results They analysed it in the lab It was analysed Esperoqueanalicen sus resultados Lo analizaron en el laboratorio Fueanalizado

14. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Anima Animan Animó Animaron Animaba Animaban It encourages • They encourage It encouraged • They encouraged • It used to encourage • They used to encourage Conditional Future Animaría Animarían • It would encourage • They would encourage It is going to encourage They are going to encourage Va a animar Van a animar ANIMAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ANIMATE/ENCOURAGE With the intention of encouraging Con la intencón de animar Animado • encouraged Alternatives… FOMENTAR/INCITAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esnecesarioqueanimen a los jóvenes BLANK Estaríaanimado It’s necessary for them to encourage young people BLANK He would be encouraged

15. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Aparece Aparecen Apareció Aparecieron Aparecía Aparecían It appears • They appear It appeared • They appeared • It used to appear • They used to appear Conditional Future Aparecería Aparecerían Va a aparecer Van a aparecer • It would appear • They would appear It is going to appear They are going to appear APARECER Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO APPEAR Para no aparecer Aparecido In order to not appear • appeared Alternatives… PARECER Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Quieroqueaparezcan en mi ciudad La aparición del presidente Aparentamente I want them to appear in my city The appearance of the president Apparently

16. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Aplica Aplican Aplicó Aplicaron Aplicaba Aplicaban It applies • They apply It applied • They applied • It used to apply • They used to apply Conditional Future Aplicaría Aplicarían • It would apply • They would apply It is going to apply They are going to apply Va a aplicar Van a aplicar APLICAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO APPLY In order to apply Para aplicar Aplicado • applied Alternatives… USAR/PONER Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esmejorqueapliquenesto en lasescuelas Si lo aplican Si lo aplicas a It’s better than they apply this in schools If they apply it If you apply it to

17. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Aprecia Aprecian Apreció Aprecieron Apreciaba Apreciaban It appreciates • They appreciate It appreciated • They appreciated • It used to appreciate • They used to appreciate Conditional Future Apreciaría Abandonarían Va a apreciar Van a apreciar • It would appreciate • They would appreciate It is going to appreciate They are going to appreciate APRECIAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO APPRECIATE Deberíanapreciar Apreciado They should appreciate • appreciated Alternatives… RESPETAR / HACER CASO Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esimportantequeaprecien la educación No lo aprecian Deberíanapreciarlomás it’s important they appreciate education They don’t appreciate it They should appreciate it more

18. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Ataca Atacan Atacó Atacaron Atacaba Atacaban It attacks • They attack It attacked • They attacked • It used to attack • They used to attack Conditional Future Atacaría Atacarían • It would attack • They would attack It is going to attack They are going to attack Va a atacar Van a atacar ATACAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ATTACK Instead of attacking En lugar de atacar Atacado • attacked Alternatives… ASALTAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Espeorqueataquen a los máspobres El ataque Fueronatacados It’s worse that they attack the poorest The attack They were attacked

19. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Atrae Atraen Atrajo Atrajeron Atraía Atraían It attracts • They attract It attracted • They attracted • It used to attract • They used to attract Conditional Future Atraería Atraerían Va a atraer Van a atraer • It would attract • They would attract It is going to attract They are going to attract ATRAER Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ATTRACT Para atraer Atraído In order to attract • attracted Alternatives… SEDUCIR/TENTAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Para queatraiganmásclientes La atracción Atrae a muchosjóvenes So that they attract more customers The attraction It attracts lots of young people

20. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Autoriza Autorizan Autorizó Autorizaron Autorizaba Autorizaban It authorises • They authorise It authorised • They authorised • It used to authorise • They used to authorise Conditional Future Autorizaría Autorizarían • It would authorise • They would authorise It is going to authorise They are going to authorise Va a autorizar Van a autorizar AUTORIZAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO AUTHORISE The opportunity to authorise La oportunidad de autorizar Autorizado • authorised Alternatives… LEGALIZAR/PERMITIR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Cuandoautoricenestasreglas.. Las autoridades No se autoriza No esautorizado When they authorise the rules The authorities It is not authorised

21. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Avanza Avanzan Avanzó Avanzaron Avanzaba Avanzaban It advances • They advance It advanced • They advanced • It used to advance • They used to advance Conditional Future Avanzaría Avanzarían Va a avanzar Van a avanzar • It would advance • They would advance It is going to advance They are going to advance AVANZAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO ADVANCE Para avanzar la tecnología Avanzado In order to advance the technology • advanced Alternatives… PROGRESAR/ADELANTAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esunapenaque no avanzenmásrápidamente El avance Tienenqueavanzar It’s a shame they don’t advance more quickly The advance They have to advance

22. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Beneficia Benefician Benefició Beneficiaron Beneficiaba Beneficiaban It benefits • They benefit It benefited • They benefited • It used to benefit • They used to benefit Conditional Future Beneficiaría Beneficiarían • It would benefit • They would benefit It is going to benefit They are going to benefit Va a beneficiar Van a beneficiar BENEFICIAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO BENEFIT In order to benefit the young people Para Beneficiar a los jovenes Blank • BLANK Alternatives… FAVORECER/AYUDAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esimportantequebeneficie a todaslas personas Los beneficia mucho Los beneficios de la actividad física It’s important it benefits all people They benefit it a lot The benefits of physical activity

23. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Calcula Calculan Calculó Calcularon Calculaba Calculaban It calculates • They calculate It calculated • They calculated • It used to calculate • They used to calculate Conditional Future Calcularía Calcularían • It would calculate • They would calculate It is going to calculate They are going to calculate Vaa Calcular Van a Calcular CALCULAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CALCULATE The need to calculate La necesidad de calcular Calculado • calculated Alternatives… ESTIMAR/ADIVINAR Subjunctive phrase Noun phrase Random phrase BLANK Lo calcularon Cuandohacenlascálculos BLANK They calculated it When they make the calculations

24. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Causa Causan Causó Causaron Causaba Causaban It causes • They cause It caused • They caused • It used to cause • They used to cause Conditional Future Causaría Causarían • It would cause • They would cause It is going to cause They are going to cause Va a Causar Van a Causar CAUSAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CAUSE Instead of causing • En lugar de causar Causado • caused Alternatives… OCASIONAR/PROVOCAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Para que no cause másproblemas A causa de esto Fuecausadopor… so that it doesn’t cause more problems Because of this It was caused by

25. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Celebra Celebran Celebró Celebraron Celebraba Celebraban It celebrates • They celebrate It celebrated • They celebrated • It used to celebrate • They used to celebrate Conditional Future Celebraría Celebrarían • It would celebrate • They would celebrate It is going to celebrate They are going to celebrate Va a Celebrar Van a Celebrar CELEBRAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CELEBRATE They should celebrate Deberíancelebrar Celebrado • celebrated Alternatives… FESTEJAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esimportantequecelebrensupropiacultura La celebración Hay quecelebrarlo It’s important they celebrate their own culture The celebration We have to celebrate it

26. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Colecciona Coleccionan Coleccionó Coleccionaron Coleccionaba Coleccionaban It collects • They collect It collected • They collected • It used to collect • They used to collect Conditional Future Coleccionaría Coleccionarían • It would collect • They would collect It is going to collect They are going to collect Va a Coleccionar Van a Coleccionar COLECCIONAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO COLLECT The objective is to collect El objetivoescoleccionar Coleccionado • collected Alternatives… REUNIR/COMPILAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase BLANK La colección Esunacolección de ideas BLANK The collection It’s a collection of ideas

27. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Combina Combinan Combinó Combinaron Combinaba Combinaban It combines • They combine It combined • They combined • It used to combine • They used to combine Conditional Future Combinaría Combinarían • It would combine • They would combine It is going to combine They are going to combine Va a Combinar Van a Combinar COMBINAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO COMBINE It’s a good idea to combine Esunabuena idea combinar Combinado • combined Alternatives… JUNTAR/UNIR Subjunctive phrase Passive (is/are….ed) Random phrase Quierenque se combinenlasdos cosas Se combina Se combinan They want the 2 things to be combined It is combined They are combined

28. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Compara Comparan Comparó Compararon Comparaba Comparaban It compares • They compare It compared • They compared • It used to compare • They used to compare Conditional Future Compararía Compararían Va a Comparar Van a Comparar • It would compare • They would compare It is going to compare They are going to compare COMPARAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO COMPARE Después de compararlos Comparado After comparing them • compared Alternatives… CONTRASTAR/VERIFICAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esnecesarioquecomparen… La comparación Si lo comparas con It’s necessary that they compare The comparison If you compare it with

29. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Complica Complican Complicó Complicaron Complicaba Complicaban It complicates • They complicate It complicated • They complicated • It used to complicate • They used to complicate Conditional Future Complicaría Complicarían Va a Complicar Van a Complicar • It would complicate • They would complicate It is going to complicate They are going to complicate COMPLICAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO COMPLICATE Esmejor no complicarlascosas Complicado It’s better not to complicate things • complicated Alternatives… DIFICULTAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase No esnecesarioquecompliquen la situación Complicaciones Fuemuycomplicado It’s not necessary for them to complicate the situation Complications It was very complicated

30. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Comunica Comunican Comunicó Comunicaron Comunicaba Comunicaban It communicates • They communicate It communicated • They communicated • It used to communicate • They used to communicate Conditional Future Comunicaría Comunicarían • It would communicate • They would communicate It is going to communicate They are going to communicate Va a Comunicar Van a Comunicar COMUNICAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO COMMUNICATE In order to communicate Para Comunicar Comunicado • communicated Alternatives… HABLAR/INFORMAR Subjunctive phrase Passive (is/are….ed) Random phrase Prohíbenquecomuniquen con los móviles Se comunica La comunicación entre ellos. They prohibit them from communicating with mobiles It is communicated The communication between them

31. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Concentra Concentran Concentró Concentraron Concentraba Concentraban It concentrates • They concentrate It concentrated • They concentrated • It used to concentrate • They used to concentrate Conditional Future Concentraría Concentrarían • It would concentrate • They would concentrate Va a Concentrar Van a Concentrar It is going to concentrate They are going to concentrate CONCENTRAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONCENTRATE Necesitanconcentrar en… Concentrado They need to concentrate on • concentrated Alternatives… PENSAR/REFLEXIONAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esunapenaqueconcentren en… La concentración Deberíanconcentrar sus esfuerzos They were accompanyed It’s a shame they concentrate on Concentration

32. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Conecta Conectan Conectó Conectaron Conectaba Conectaban It connects • They connect It connected • They connected • It used to connect • They used to connect Conditional Future Conectaría Conectarían • It would connect • They would connect It is going to connect They are going to connect Va a Conectar Van a Conectar CONECTAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONNECT It’s a good idea to connect with other people Esunabuena idea conectar con otras personas Conectado • connected Alternatives… UNIR/ENGANCHAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase BLANK Unaconexión Hay unaconexión entre BLANK Connection There is a connection between

33. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Confunde Confunden Confundió Confundieron Confundía Confundían It confuses • They confuse It confused • They confused • It used to confuse • They used to confuse Conditional Future Confundiría Confundirían Va a confundir Van a confundir • It would confuse • They would confuse It is going to confuse They are going to confuse CONFUNDIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONFUSE Para no confundir a la gente Confundido In order to not confuse people • confused Alternatives… ENGAÑAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esimportanteque no confundan los dos. La confusión Los niñosestánconfundidos It’s important to not confuse the two confusion The children are confused

34. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Conserva Conservan Conservó Conservaron Conservaba Conservaban It conserves They conserve It conserved • They conserved • It used to conserve • They used to conserve Conditional Future Conservaría Conservarían Va a Conservar Van a Conservar • It would conserve • They would conserve It is going to conserve They are going to conserve CONSERVAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONSERVE Para conservar Conservado In order to conserve • conserved Alternatives… GUARDAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Sus padres quierenque conserven lastradiciones BLANK Esmejorconservar la energía Their parents want them to conserve traditions BLANK It’s better to conserve energy

35. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Considera Consideran Consideró Consideraron Consideraba Consideraban It considers • They consider It considered • They considered • It used to consider • They used to consider Conditional Future Consideraría Considerarían Va a Considerar Van a Considerar • It would consider • They would consider It is going to consider They are going to consider CONSIDERAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONSIDER Después de consider lasalternativas Considerado After considering the alternatives • considered Alternatives… PENSAR/REFLEXIONAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esimprescindiblequeconsiderenlas dos opiniones Lo van a considerar Hay queconsiderarlo It’s crucial they consider the 2 opinions They are going to consider it We have to consider it

36. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Consume Consumen Consumió Consumieron Consumía Consumían It consumes • They consume It consumed • They consumed • It used to consume • They used to consume Conditional Future Consumiría Consumirían Va a Consumir Van a Consumir • It would consume • They would consume It is going to consume They are going to consume CONSUMIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONSUME En lugar de consumir Consumido Instead of consuming.. • consumed Alternatives… COMER/TOMAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esnormal queconsumandemasiada comida El consumo Su consumo de comida rápidaes terrible It’s normal that they consume too much food The consumption Their consumption of fast food is terrible

37. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Contiene Contienen Contuvo Contuvieron Contenía Contenían It contains • They contain It contained • They contained • It used to contain • They used to contain Conditional Future Contendría Contendrían Va a contener Van a contener • It would contain • They would contain It is going to contain They are going to contain CONTENER Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONTAIN Debecontener Contenido It must contain • contained Alternatives… TENER/INCLUIR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esimportantequecontengamenosgrasa El contenido Contienemuchasvitaminas It’s important that it contains less food The content It contains lots of vitamins

38. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Continúa Continúan Continuó Continuaron Continuaba Continuaban It continues • They continue It continued • They continued • It used to continue • They used to continue Conditional Future Continuaría Continuarían Va a continuar Van a continuar • It would continue • They would continue It is going to continue They are going to continue CONTINUAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONTINUE Para continuar el proceso Continuado In order to continue the process • continued Alternatives… SEGUIR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esmejorquecontinúen sus estudios BLANK Quierencontinuar con esteestilo de vida It’s better that they continue their studies BLANK They want to continue with this lifestyle

39. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense It converts • They convert It converted • They converted • It used to convert • They used to convert Convierte Convierten Convirtió Convirtieron Convertía Convertían Conditional Future • It would convert • They would convert Convertiría Convertirían It is going to convert They are going to convert Va a convertir Van a convertir CONVERTIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CONVERT They should convert it • converted Deberíanconvertirlo Convertido Alternatives… CAMBIAR/ALTERAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase BLANK They convert it into something different The conversion into something positive is BLANK Lo convierten en algodiferente La conversión en algopositivoes..

40. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Copia Copian Copió Copiaron Copiaba Copiaban It copies • They copy It copied • They copied • It used to copy • They used to copy Conditional Future Copiaría Copiarían Vaa Copiar Van a Copiar • It would copy • They would copy It is going to copy They are going to copy COPIAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO COPY No debencopiar el ejemplo de… Copiado They mustn’t copy the example of • copied Alternatives… HACER LO MISMO Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esunapenaquecopien a sus padres Lo Copiaron FueCopiado It’s a shame they copy their parents They copied it It was copied

41. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Cuesta Cuestan Costó Costaron Costaba Costaban It costs • They cost It cost • They cost • It used to cost • They used to cost Conditional Future Costaría Costarían • It would cost • They would cost It is going to cost They are going to cost Vaa costar Van a costar COSTAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO COST It shouldn’t cost No debería costar BLANK • BLANK Alternatives… VALER Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Es normal quecueste mucho dinero y tiempo El coste de .. Les cuesta mucho It’s normal that it costs a lot of money and time The cost of It costs them a lot

42. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Crea Crean Creó Crearon Creaba Creaban It creates • They create It created • They created • It used to create • They used to create Conditional Future Crearía Crearían Va a Crear Van a Crear • It would create • They would create It is going to create They are going to create CREAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO CREATE Para Crearalgoeficaz/efectivo Creado To create something efficient • created Alternatives… HACER/INVENTAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase Esimprescindiblequecreenoportunidadespara La creación de másorganizaciones Fuecreado It’s crucial they create opportunities for The creation of more organisations It was created

43. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Daña Dañan dañó dañaron dañaba dañaban It damages • They damage It damaged • They damaged • It used to damage • They used to damage Conditional Future dañaría dañarían Va a Dañar Van a Dañar • It would damage • They would damage It is going to damage They are going to damage DAÑAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DAMAGE Para no dañar dañado In order to not damage • damaged Alternatives… HERIR/ROMPER/PERJUDICAR Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Estristequedañen los futuros de sus niños Hacen mucho daño El dañoquehicieron It’s sad that they damage their children’s futures They do a lot of damage The damage they did

44. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense It decides • They decide It decided • They decided • It used to decide • They used to decide Decide Deciden Decidió Decidieron decidía decidían Conditional Future • It would decide • They would decide decidiría decidirían It is going to decide They are going to decide Va a decidir Van a decidir DECIDIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DECIDE Before deciding • decided Antes de decidir decidido Alternatives… OPTAR POR / DETERMINAR Subjunctive phrase NOUN Random phrase It’s better that their parents decide The decision they took A very controversial decision Esmejorque los padres decidan La decisiónquetomaron Unadecisiónmuypólemica

45. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Desaparece Desaparecen Desapareció Desaparecieron Desaparecía Desaparecían It disappears • They disappear It disappeared • They disappeared • It used to disappear • They used to disappear Conditional Future Desaparecería Desaparecerían Va a desaparecer Van a desaparecer • It would disappear • They would disappear It is going to disappear They are going to disappear DESAPARECER Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DISAPPEAR BLANK Desaparecido BLANK • disappeared Alternatives… IRSE Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esunapenaquedesaparezcan Desaparición Desaparecióhacemuchosaños It’s a shame they disappear Disappearance It disappeared years ago

46. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Desciende Descienden descendió descendieron descendía descendían It descends • They descend It descended • They descended • It used to descend • They used to descend Conditional Future descendería descenderían Va a descender Van a descender • It would descend • They would descend It is going to descend They are going to descend DESCENDER Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DESCEND/LOWER BLANK Descendido BLANK • descended Alternatives… BAJAR / DECLINAR NOUN Subjunctive phrase Random phrase Esperoque los preciosdesciendan El descenso El descenso en el número de I hope the prices go down The descent The descent in the number of

47. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense demuestra demuestran demostró demostraron demostraba demostraban It demonstrates • They demonstrate It demonstrated • They demonstrated • It used to demonstrate • They used to demonstrate Conditional Future demostraría demostrarían Va a demostrar Van a demostrar • It would demonstrate • They would demonstrate It is going to demonstrate They are going to demonstrate DEMOSTRAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DEMONSTRATE Esmejordemostrarloquedecirlo. demostrado It’s better to demonstrate it than to say it • demonstrated Alternatives… MOSTRAR / JUSTIFICAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase BLANK Lo demuestraclaramente Demuestraque los problemas no son pequeños BLANK It demonstrates it clearly It demonstrates that the problems aren’t small

48. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense describe describen describió describieron describía describían It describes • They describe It described • They described • It used to describe • They used to describe Conditional Future describiría describirían Vaa describir Van a describir • It would describe • They would describe It is going to describe They are going to describe DESCRIBIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DESCRIBE Esfácildescribir Descrito It’s easy to describe • described Alternatives… EXPLICAR/DETALLAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase No es aceptable quedescriban.. Unadescripción Lo quefuedescrito It’s not acceptable that they describe A description What was described

49. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense Descubre Descubren descubrió descubrieron descubría descubrían It discovers • They discover It discovered • They discovered • It used to discover • They used to discover Conditional Future descubriría descubrirían Va a descubrir Van a descubrir • It would discover • They would discover It is going to discover They are going to discover DESCUBRIR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DISCOVER Para descubrir descubierto In order to discover • discovered Alternatives… REVELAR Subjunctive phrase Pronoun phrase Random phrase No quierenquedescubran la verdad Lo descubrieron Fuedescubierto en los añossesenta They don’t want them to discover the truth They discovered it It was discovered in the 60s

50. Present tense Imperfect tense Preterite tense desea desean deseó desearon deseaba deseaban It desires • They desire It desired • They desired • It used to desire • They used to desire Conditional Future desearía desearían Va a desear Van a desear • It would desire • They would desire It is going to desire They are going to desire DESEAR Meaning … Adjective (ed) Infinitive phrase TO DESIRE Es normal desearmejorartuvida deseado It’s normal to want to improve your life • desired Alternatives… QUERER / TENER GANAS DE Subjunctive phrase Noun Random phrase Esraroque no deseencambiarlo Lo desean No tienen el deseo it’s strange they don’t desire to change it They desire it They don’t have the desire