Armin Kaus: Revolutionizing Healthcare with Surgical Fiber Innovation

1. The Most ICONIC CEOs PIONEERING SURGICAL Laser Fibers Industry Armin Kaus CEO MED_Fibers Unlocking the Genetic Wonderland: 12 Bizarre Examples of Genetic Engineering ...... Unlocking Nature’s Code: Navigating the Landscape of Synthetic Biology ...... REVOLUTIONIZING HEALTHCARE WITH SURGICAL FIBER INNOVATION

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3. The Lifesciences Magazine, 1985, Henderson Rd, Columbus, Ohio, 43220 Follow Us On: For Editorial Concerns: editors@thelifesciencesmagazine.com For Sales & Branding Enquiries: matthew@thelifesciencesmagazine.com For Subscription: info@thelifesciencesmagazine.com Publisher Business Development Executive Susan Wilson The Lifesciences Magazine Creative Content Editor Shalmali W. Creative Designer Paul Young Marketing Coordinator (USA) Matthew Eden Social Media Manager Amy Muller Digital Circulation Manager PR & Marketing Coordinator Michael Stevens Amanda V. This list is NOT a ranking. The companies on listed in magazine serve different aspects of the market, making ranking them in any order except revenue impossible and unfair. We try to bring a perfect platform for business organization to showcase their valued products/ services. Copyrights © The Lifesciences Magazine All Rights Reserved. The images and content included in this magazine should not be copied, transferred or reproduced in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, photocopying, recording, otherwise, without proper permission from The Lifesciences Magazine. The Lifesciences Magazine solely owns all the reprint rights.

4. FROM EDITOR’S DESK Dear Readers, Welcome to the latest issue of The Lifesciences Magazine, where we delve into the fascinating world of surgical laser fibers and spotlight the visionary leaders shaping this dynamic industry. In this month's edition, titled "The Most Iconic CEOs Pioneering Surgical Laser Fibers Industry," we turn our attention to the individuals and companies driving innovation and revolutionizing surgical techniques. Our cover story features Armin Kaus, a trailblazing CEO who has been instrumental in advancing the field of surgical laser fibers. Through his pioneering efforts, Kaus has not only transformed his company but has also played a crucial role in enhancing patient outcomes and improving surgical precision. In addition to our cover feature, we present insightful interviews and profiles of other iconic CEOs who are at the forefront of the surgical laser fibers industry. From groundbreaking research to innovative product development, these leaders are shaping the future of healthcare and pushing the boundaries of what is possible in surgical interventions. As the demand for minimally invasive procedures continues to rise, the importance of surgical laser fibers in modern medicine cannot be overstated. Through this issue, we aim to provide our readers with a comprehensive understanding of the latest trends, technologies, and strategies driving growth and innovation in this vital sector. We hope that you find this issue informative and inspiring as we celebrate the achievements of the visionary CEOs leading the way in the surgical laser fibers industry. Best Regards halmali S Shalmali W.

5. REDEFINING THE SCIENCE OF LIFE The Lifesciences Magazine is global healthcare solutions platform that paves the way for various healthcare innovations, advices of professionals.

6. Leaders in Spotlight For the cover read about - Armin Kaus, at the helm of MED-Fibers as its CEO, brings a wealth of experience and a strategic vision that has shaped the organization’s trajectory. A stroke of luck in Armin’s younger years led him to a company at the forefront of developing products for the future of laser surgeries. Having witnessed the possibilities early on, this serendipitous start fueled Armin’s enduring passion for the industrial segment. His journey began with a recognition of the transformative potential in laser surgeries, anchoring him to an industry where innovation and foresight intersected. At MED-Fibers, his responsibilities encompass the complete organizational landscape, from strategic development to seamless implementation of transformative changes. Accountable to the board, Armin’s leadership is marked by a commitment to steering MED-Fibers toward continuous growth and success. Over the past four decades alone, seismic shifts in the US healthcare system have propelled it to a significant position in the nation’s economy. MED-Fibers envisions a healthcare landscape where its minimal invasive products play a pivotal role in shaping a brighter tomorrow.

7. 10. COVERSTORY Armin Kaus contents 18. ARTICLE Unlocking the Genetic Wonderland: 12 Bizarre Examples of Genetic Engineering 24. NEWS OF THE WEEK The Potential For Wildlife-Human Contact Increases Worries About Chronic Wasting Disease 28. MARKET RESEARCH REPORT Unveiling Growth Trends: A Comprehensive Overview of the Global Medical Devices Market 30. ARTICLE Unlocking Nature’s Code: Navigating the Landscape of Synthetic Biology 36. NEWS OF THE WEEK Mushrooms That Fight Cancer!

10. Armin Kaus CEO | MED-Fibers 10

11. REVOLUTIONIZING HEALTHCARE WITH SURGICAL FIBER INNOVATION T being of individuals. Its importance lies in providing essential medical services and serving as a cornerstone for community welfare. To elevate services and enhance patient experiences, significant strides have been taken to advance societal well- being on a global scale. Today, every endeavor in this field is driven by a collective commitment to the greater good of humanity. potential in laser surgeries, anchoring him to an industry where innovation and foresight intersected. COVER STORY he healthcare industry plays a pivotal role in safeguarding and enhancing the well- Armin Kaus' Journey to MED-Fibers Armin Kaus, at the helm of MED-Fibers as its CEO, brings a wealth of experience and a strategic vision that has shaped the organization's trajectory. A stroke of luck in Armin's younger years led him to a company at the forefront of developing products for the future of laser surgeries. Having witnessed the possibilities early on, this serendipitous start fueled Armin's enduring passion for the industrial segment. His journey began with a recognition of the transformative However, there remains an unexplored realm of innovation, particularly in the domain of surgical laser fiber technology. This technology holds paramount importance in healthcare, elevating patient experiences through enhanced precision. Amidst this, a trailblazing leader who has successfully navigated the surgical laser fiber market by keenly understanding the intricate requirements of patients is Armin Kaus. His company, MED-Fibers, is at the forefront of revolutionary changes in surgical laser fiber technology, unleashing a new era of precision and excellence in patient care. At MED-Fibers, his responsibilities encompass the complete organizational landscape, from strategic development to seamless implementation of transformative changes. Accountable to the board, Armin's leadership is marked by a commitment to steering MED- Fibers toward continuous growth and success. Over the past four decades alone, seismic shifts in the US healthcare system have propelled it to a significant position in the nation's economy. MED-Fibers envisions a healthcare landscape where its minimal invasive products play a pivotal role in shaping a brighter tomorrow. Its products are poised to bring swifter recovery and enhanced comfort to patients. Armin's subtle yet profound influence reflects a commitment to innovative healthcare solutions. It paves the way for a future where precision and patient well-being stand at the forefront of MED-Fiber's impactful journey. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 11

12. COVER STORY The Genesis of MED-Fibers hands-on leadership style, while initially met with skepticism, ultimately laid the groundwork for the unique culture and success of MED- Fibers. procedures, from General Surgery to Vascular, ENT, and urological interventions, the company positions itself not merely as a product provider but as a comprehensive solution source. Armin witnessed a rapid career ascent, reaching the management board of a globally recognized laser manufacturer in his mid-30s. After serving as CEO of a prominent global corporation, he made the decision to venture out and establish his own company. Today, Armin, alongside his dedicated team including business partner and CFO Klaus Sivec, and Exec. VP Leeza Hughes has been the driving force behind the company's remarkable growth. Together, they continue to write the success story of MED-Fibers through innovation and strategic acumen. What sets MED-Fibers apart is the meticulous testing of its surgical fiber delivery systems during production, utilizing lasers for internal validation of assembly performance. This rigorous process underscores their commitment to maintaining a 0% tolerance failure rate, ensuring reliability in every product. Over the last 25 years, he navigated diverse management boards, accumulating invaluable experience that would later drive him to venture out on his own. In 2012, he founded MED-Fibers, Inc., propelling it to become a global leader in surgical laser fibers. MED-Fibers Innovative Surgical Solutions Armin envisions the company as a problem solver, particularly with the incorporation of stone removal baskets into their repertoire. Committed to continuous growth, he aims to expand the company's product portfolio, unveiling a new product each year to further enhance its offerings in surgical precision. His leadership style, characterized by a preference for lean management and hands-on involvement, posed difficulties, especially with the older generation. Implementing this approach proved to be an uphill task. Armin's commitment to a dynamic and MED-Fibers, Inc. stands as a beacon of precision in the realm of surgical fibers, manufacturing top-notch surgical laser fibers proudly in the U.S.A. and extending their reach globally. Specializing in surgical laser fibers catering to a diverse range of 12

13. Armin's Approach to Efficient Leadership Armin champions a leadership philosophy centered on motivation and inspiration, fostering a culture of respect and accountability. Grounded in trust, his leadership style thrives on open communication and encourages innovation. Armin believes in a multifaceted approach to leadership, emphasizing the importance of listening, learning, and taking action. Understanding that effective leadership takes diverse forms, he prioritizes motivating employees to align with the company's vision and direction. Armin places a premium on customer feedback, ensuring their needs are not just heard but implemented. His commitment to the happiness and value of every employee underscores a leadership style that is inclusive, dynamic, and characterized by open communication across the entire team. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 13

14. Sailing the Wave of Technological In healthcare, technology can be a boon by enhancing diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. Armin underscores the pivotal role of technology in enhancing processes. Embracing innovations and consistently upgrading manufacturing equipment has been integral to achieving higher production output and maintaining consistent quality. Looking ahead, the next technological stride involves the automation of specific manufacturing steps, poised to further elevate efficiency. Armin also recognizes the potential of AI in healthcare development but emphasizes the need for regulation to avoid pessimistic outcomes. He advocates for personalized and preventive medicine, recognizing the value of prevention over cure. Additionally, Armin envisions the emerging role of virtual reality in healthcare, particularly for patients grappling with chronic long-term pain. Adapting to the New Normal Following the challenges imposed by COVID-19, global health institutions faced unprecedented tests that have spurred opportunities for reform. Armin emphasizes the importance of diverse choices and healthy competition to foster innovation and empower health systems to make informed decisions. However, amidst the trend of industry specialization and consolidation among large players, there are notable drawbacks to eliminating competition. Armin stresses that the industry's focus shouldn't only prioritize shareholder value. He advocates for a broader approach, considering the impact on healthcare accessibility and quality. Thus, achieving a positive shift away from political influences is crucial for health institutions. This shift gradually places the patient at the forefront, aligning with the fundamental ethos of the healthcare industry. 14

15. COVER STORY Empowering the Tomorrow While contemplating the potential consequences may be unsettling, Armin emphasizes the importance of educating oneself about personal health. He underscores that individual well-being contributes to the health of the community, workplace, and the overall economy, akin to strategic planning. Furthermore, ensuring accessibility to essential documents and medical prescriptions, while fostering a supportive healthcare environment, should always remain a top priority. TAPERED FIBER SURGICAL FIBERS DOME TIP SURGICAL LASER FIBERS Strong leadership in the healthcare sector ensures effective decision-making, promotes innovation, and fosters a supportive environment for medical professionals. For aspiring leaders in this industry, Armin advises a focus on team building, stressing that collaboration is essential in facing the challenges that lie ahead. He encourages concentrating on strategic abilities and fostering an environment of innovation. SIDE FIRE SURGICAL LASER FIBERS RADIALTIP FIBER www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 15

18. Article UNLOCKING THE GENETIC WONDERLAND: A revolutionary area of biotechnology known as genetic engineering has produced an amazing range of breakthroughs that go beyond what was previously thought to be feasible. This article examines 12 strange genetic engineering instances, ranging from illuminating plants to spider goats, demonstrating the inventiveness and brilliance that occur when scientists work with the basic building blocks of life. 18

19. 4. Flavr Savr Tomato: Prolonging Freshness Beyond their captivating visual allure, these bioluminescent plants have practical implications for sustainable urban planning. The ability to create natural sources of light through genetic engineering opens doors to reducing reliance on traditional energy-consuming lighting systems. Imagine city streets adorned with trees and plants that emit a soft, natural glow, providing ambient illumination without the need for streetlights. The Flavr Savr tomato holds the distinction of being the first commercially approved genetically modified (GM) food. Engineered to have an extended shelf life, this tomato was designed to ripen more slowly, allowing for greater flexibility in harvesting and transportation without sacrificing flavor. Moreover, the Flavr Savr tomato represents a milestone in the evolution of genetic modification in agriculture. Its approval marked a paradigm shift in how we approach food production and distribution. By extending the tomato’s freshness, it addressed challenges in the supply chain, reducing food wastage and enhancing accessibility. This not only enhances the aesthetic charm of urban landscapes but also contributes to energy conservation and a diminished carbon footprint. The mesmerizing radiance of these genetically engineered plants might just be the beacon guiding us toward a greener and more environmentally conscious future. The success of the Flavr Savr tomato paved the way for further research and development in genetically modified crops, fostering discussions about the intersection of technology, agriculture, and global food security. This pioneering tomato not only graced our tables with its enduring freshness but also catalyzed a broader dialogue on the future of sustainable and resilient food systems. 2. Spider-Goats: Nature’s Silk Producers Combining the genes of spiders and goats may sound like the premise of a science fiction story, but it’s a reality in the realm of genetic engineering. Scientists have engineered goats to produce spider silk proteins in their milk. This silk, known for its strength and elasticity, can be harvested and used for various applications, including lightweight and durable materials. Here are 12 Bizarre Examples of Genetic Engineering: 1. Glowing Plants: Bioluminescence Unleashed 5. AquAdvantage Salmon: Fast- Growing Fish In a mesmerizing display of genetic engineering, scientists have successfully engineered plants to emit light through bioluminescence. By incorporating genes from bioluminescent organisms, such as fireflies, into the plant’s genome, researchers have created plants that glow in the dark. Apart from their aesthetic appeal, these glowing plants hold the potential for environmentally friendly urban lighting. AquAdvantage Salmon, a genetically modified salmon, is designed to grow faster than its non-modified counterparts. By incorporating a growth hormone gene from Chinook salmon and a regulatory gene from the ocean pout, this engineered salmon reaches market size more rapidly, offering potential benefits for sustainable aquaculture. 3. Enviropigs: Eco-Friendly Swine Enviropigs are genetically modified pigs designed to produce lower levels of phosphorus in their manure. Excessive phosphorus runoff from conventional pig farming contributes to water pollution. Enviropigs address this environmental concern by efficiently utilizing phosphorus in their diet, resulting in reduced phosphorus content in their waste. Related: Decoding Genetics: Exploring Examples of Single Gene Disorders www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 19

20. 6. Dolly the Sheep: Cloning Breakthrough Dolly the Sheep made history as the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. This groundbreaking achievement in genetic engineering opened new possibilities for cloning and reproductive technologies. 1. Glowing Plants: Bioluminescence Unleashed 2. Spider-Goats: Nature’s Silk Producers 7. BioSteel® Spider Silk: Strength in Fibers Inspired by the strength and resilience of spider silk, scientists have engineered bacteria to produce silk proteins similar to those found in spider silk. This BioSteel® material offers remarkable strength and elasticity, with potential applications in textiles, medical devices, and more. 8. Blue Roses: A Floral Hue Transformation The quest for the elusive blue rose led to genetic engineering solutions. By introducing genes responsible for blue pigment synthesis from other plants, researchers have successfully engineered roses to exhibit a striking blue hue. This serves as a testament to the creative possibilities unlocked by manipulating plant genomes. 4. Flavr Savr Tomato: Prolonging Freshness 5. AquAdvantage Salmon: Fast- Growing Fish 9. Altered Apples: Browning Resistance Genetic engineering has been employed to enhance the shelf life and aesthetic appeal of apples by reducing browning. By suppressing the expression of genes involved in browning reactions, genetically modified apples resist enzymatic browning, offering consumers a visually appealing and longer-lasting fruit. 7. BioSteel® Spider Silk: Strength in Fibers 8. Blue Roses: A Floral Hue Transformation 10. Venomous Cabbages: Targeting Crop Pests In a bid to protect crops from insect pests, scientists have engineered cabbage plants to produce a toxin found in scorpion venom. This toxin acts as a natural insecticide, deterring pests and reducing the need for chemical pesticides in agriculture. 10. Venomous Cabbages: Targeting Crop Pests 11. Heat-Tolerant Chickens: Climate- Resilient Poultry 20

21. 11. Heat-Tolerant Chickens: Climate-Resilient Poultry 12. Muscle-Enhanced Super Dogs: A Leap in Canine Genetics As climate change poses challenges to poultry farming, researchers have turned to genetic engineering to develop heat- tolerant chickens. By identifying genes associated with heat resistance, scientists aim to create poultry that can thrive in warmer climates, ensuring the sustainability of poultry production. In the realm of canine genetics, scientists have explored the possibility of enhancing muscle mass in dogs through genetic engineering. While primarily an area of research, the concept raises ethical considerations and discussions about the responsible use of genetic engineering in animals. 3. Enviropigs: Eco- Friendly Swine 6. Dolly the Sheep: Cloning Breakthrough Ethical Considerations and Future Perspectives 9. Altered Apples: Browning Resistance There are many ethical questions that arise as genetic engineering pushes boundaries. Intentional modification of living things brings up issues related to misuse, unexpected results, and environmental effects. Achieving an equilibrium between scientific advancement and ethical accountability is crucial as we explore the unexplored realm of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering has the potential to solve urgent issues in the future, from producing climate change-resistant crops to establishing ground-breaking medicinal therapies. As this subject develops, ethical frameworks, regulatory supervision, and public discussion will be critical in determining how genetic engineering is applied responsibly and advantageously in our society. 12. Muscle-Enhanced Super Dogs: A Leap in Canine Genetics www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 21

24. NEWS THE POTENTIAL FOR WILDLIFE-HUMAN CONTACT INCREASES WORRIES ABOUT CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE 24

25. Misfolded proteins known as prions are the source of the neurological disease, which is contagious, rapidly progressing, and always fatal. As of right now, only cervids (elk, deer, reindeer, caribou, and moose) are known to be infected. Many hunters have debated whether or not to treat the possibility of Chronic Wasting Disease seriously. “The general belief I come across is that no one has contracted this illness,” stated writer and MeatEater founder Steve Rinella, whose media and lifestyle business centres around hunting and preparing wild animals. Scientists studying animal diseases are concerned about the quick spread of CWD in deer. Recent studies suggest that the disease-causing prions may be changing to become more capable of infecting people and that the barrier to a spillover into humans may not be as strong as previously thought. “I am not going to worry about it because it hasn’t jumped the species barrier,” they believe, according to Rinella. “That would change dramatically if a hunter got CWD.” Growing response to the Chronic Wasting Disease Other prion illnesses that have afflicted people include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, popularly known as mad cow disease. More than 200 individuals died from mad cow, primarily in France and the United Kingdom. According to some scientists, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease may also be brought on by There is a growing response to the threat. In 2023, a group of scientists started “working on a major initiative, bringing together 68 different global experts on various aspects of CWD to really look at what are the challenges ahead should we see a spillover into humans and food production,” according to Michael Osterholm, a leading authority on Chronic Wasting Disease and an infectious disease expert at the University of Minnesota. Since its discovery in 1967 in confined deer in Colorado, CWD has spread extensively. Animals from at least thirty-two states, four provinces in Canada, and four other international nations have been reported to have it. It was discovered in Yellowstone National Park for the first time recently. “Our lack of preparation is the key takeaway,” stated Osterholm. “We would be in free fall right now if we had a spillover. There are no backup plans for what to do or how to investigate further.” illions of hunters travel into M autumn in order to harvest deer. People devour the sausage, burgers and steaks produced from venison throughout the winter. the forests and grasslands of North America each With an emphasis on public health surveillance, lab capacity, prion disease diagnostics, livestock and wildlife surveillance, risk communication, and education and outreach, the team of experts is preparing for a potential outbreak. Prions are nearly impossible to remove and behave extremely differently from bacteria and viruses. The director of the Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance, Matthew Dunfee, stated that specialists refer to it as a “disease from outer space.” But these hunters are doing more than just upholding an American custom. Researchers studying infectious diseases claim that they are also at the forefront of a condition called chronic wasting disease, which poses a major risk to public health. There have been tens of thousands of infected animals consumed by humans in recent years, raising concerns, yet no documented human cases of the disease exist. The signs are scary. The brain degenerates into a porous substance. The illness, which is also referred to as “zombie deer disease,” causes affected animals to stagger, slobber, and stare vacantly until they pass away. There’s www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 25

26. no vaccination or therapy for it. It also resists autoclaving, or medical sterilisation, making it very difficult to eliminate with chemicals or high heat. likely pathway for spillover. Currently, a hunter can drive a deer to a check station, where a sample of the lymph nodes is submitted to a laboratory. Most hunters choose not to do it because findings may not be received for up to a week. Its extended latency makes establishing if Chronic Wasting Disease has impacted humans a significant challenge. It can take years for a person who ingests prions to develop the ensuing illness, so there might not be a clear link between eating deer and getting sick. As Osterholm noted, cooking does not eliminate prions. Regretfully, he stated, “the prions are concentrated when cooking. According to him, it increases the likelihood that people will eat them. For instance, deer hunting is well- known in Montana. Since its initial discovery in the wild there in 2017, Chronic Wasting Disease has expanded throughout a large portion of the state. The lack of concern Montana wildlife authorities have observed among hunters is in spite of warnings and free testing. According to Brian Wakeling, head of the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife & Parks’ game management bureau, “we have not seen a decrease in deer hunting because of this.” In 2022, hunters in Montana killed around 88,000 deer. There were only 5,941 samples collected, and 253 of them had positive tests. Peter Larsen is co-director of the Minnesota Centre for Prion Research and Outreach in addition to being an assistant professor in the University of Minnesota’s College of Veterinary Medicine. The centre was established in an effort to anticipate potential spillover by researching many facets of prions. “Our mission is to learn everything we can about not just Chronic Wasting Disease but other prionlike diseases, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease,” he stated. According to him, “we are studying the biology and ecology” of the misfolded protein. “How do prions travel across their surroundings? How can we reduce danger and enhance the welfare and health of animals?” Despite the fact that CWD has not been linked to domestic animals or humans, researchers are extremely worried about these possibilities, which Osterholm’s group has now been awarded over $1.5 million to investigate. If Chronic Wasting Disease can infect humans, it may spread to venison consumers more readily than other prion illnesses like mad cow since it may infect more body parts in animals. According to research, every year between 7,000 and 15,000 diseased animals are unintentionally eaten by hunter families; this figure rises as the disease spreads throughout the continent. Although it is possible to test wild game for CWD, doing so is difficult and not often done. According to experts, a quick test would significantly boost the quantity of animals examined and aid in preventing spillover. New technologies to speed up and simplify testing are part of that objective. Although it can take weeks to receive findings, researchers have created a method for hunters to conduct their own testing. It is hoped that a test that cuts the wait time to three or four hours would be available within the next two years. Given the significance of deer to Native Americans, a number of Minnesotan tribal nations are collaborating with University of Minnesota specialists to develop strategies for disease surveillance and control. White Earth Nation tribal biologist Doug McArthur stated in a statement announcing the programme that “the threat and potential for the spread of CWD on any of our three reservations has the ability to negatively impact Ojibwe culture and traditions of deer hunting providing venison for our membership.” (The Red Lake Band of Chippewa and the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe are the other groups mentioned.) Its extended latency makes establishing if Chronic Wasting Disease has impacted humans a significant challenge. It can take years for a person who ingests prions to develop the ensuing illness, so there might not be a clear link between eating deer and getting sick. “With all the doom and gloom around Chronic Wasting Disease, we have real solutions that can help us fight this disease in new ways,” Larsen stated. “There’s some optimism.” In the environment, prions are incredibly persistent. They can even be absorbed by plants and stay in the ground for many years. Prevention focuses on the rapid testing of deer and other cervid carcasses because eating venison is the most 26

28. The worldwide market for medical devices is a vital sector of the healthcare industry that is dynamic and changing quickly. Ÿ Ÿ Global Medical Devices Market: Covid-19 Impact Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ The worldwide market for medical devices has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruptions to the supply chain, a rise in the need for personal protective equipment (PPE), and a decrease in elective procedures are all consequences of the pandemic. On the other hand, the pandemic has expedited the uptake of remote patient monitoring and telehealth. Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Breathing apparatuses Orthopaedic Tools Medical facilities Regulatory Obstacles Technological Progress: Markets in Emergence At-the-Point Testing Technological Progress Issues with Reimbursement: Exorbitant Development Costs Population Ageing 28

29. With a projected value of USD xx billion in 2021, North America is the largest regional market for medical devices. Future market leadership is anticipated in this region, where there will be a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of xx from 2024 to 2031. With a CAGR of xx % from 2024 to 2031, Asia-Pacific is the medical device market with the fastest rate of growth among the regions. The rising incidence of chronic illnesses and the growing need for minimally invasive procedures are the main drivers of this growth. At USD xx billion in 2021, Europe is the second-biggest regional market for medical devices. From 2024 to 2031, this region is predicted to grow at a CAGR of xx%. Medtronic General Electric (GE) Healthcare Stryker Corporation 3M Health Care Boston Scientific Corporation Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Johnson & Johnson Ÿ Philips Healthcare Becton, Dickinson, and Company (BD) Ÿ Ÿ Siemens Healthineers Abbott Laboratories Ÿ Ÿ In the future years, the market for medical devices is anticipated to rise due to medical technology firms' increased investment in research and development (R&D) activities for the creation of novel and cutting-edge medical devices and the regulatory authorities' ease of approval for those products. In 2022, the market was dominated by the North American region, which accounted for 38.7% of total revenue share. DePuy Synthes, Medtronics Plc, Fesenius Medical Care, GE Healthcare and others are the key players in Global Medical Devices Market. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 29

30. Article 30

31. R biology, engineering, and computers. This paper explores the complex field of synthetic biology, including its historical roots, guiding ideas, contemporary uses, and moral dilemmas raised by its groundbreaking discoveries. edefining our concept of life and the possible uses of living organisms, synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of I. Standardization Standardization involves creating interchangeable biological parts and devices with well-defined functions. This principle facilitates the modular construction of biological systems, akin to assembling components in traditional engineering. At the intersection of biology and engineering lies the burgeoning field of synthetic biology. Grounded in the manipulation of life’s fundamental building blocks, it is a scientific endeavor that draws inspiration from nature’s blueprints while applying engineering principles to create novel biological entities. This section delves into the foundational aspects of synthetic biology, exploring the core principles and building blocks that underpin the engineering of life itself. ii. Modularization Modular design allows synthetic biologists to break down complex biological systems into manageable modules. These modules can be combined in various ways to create diverse and functional biological entities. i. Definition and Scope It involves the design and construction of biological components, systems, and organisms with novel functionalities. It draws inspiration from engineering principles to create artificial biological systems or redesign existing ones. iii. Orthogonality Orthogonality refers to the independence of different biological components or systems. In synthetic biology, orthogonal elements can function in specific contexts without interfering with one another, providing a level of predictability and control. ii. Building Blocks of Life At the core of synthetic biology are the fundamental building blocks of life—DNA, RNA, proteins, and other cellular components. Scientists manipulate these components to engineer organisms with specific traits or functionalities. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 31

32. The realm of it extends far beyond the laboratory, reaching into diverse fields with transformative potential. This section navigates the practical applications of synthetic biology, illuminating how engineered biological systems are poised to revolutionize medicine, energy production, and environmental remediation. From biomedical breakthroughs to sustainable solutions, the versatility of it unfolds as a catalyst for innovation with profound implications for our world. Explore the tangible outcomes and future possibilities as we delve into the real-world applications that mark the impact of synthetic biology on various facets of our lives. The landscape of synthetic biology is intricately shaped by cutting-edge tools and techniques that empower scientists to wield unprecedented control over living organisms. From the precision of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to the synthesis of custom-designed DNA sequences, these technological marvels form the arsenal of synthetic biologists. This section unveils the diverse toolkit that propels it forward, providing insights into the sophisticated methods employed to manipulate and engineer the very fabric of life. I. DNA Synthesis and Sequencing i. Biomedical Applications Advancements in DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies have been pivotal for synthetic biology. Automated DNA synthesis enables the creation of custom- designed DNA sequences, while high-throughput sequencing allows researchers to analyze genetic information on a massive scale. It holds promise in the field of medicine, with applications ranging from the development of engineered microbes for drug production to the design of synthetic tissues for transplantation. ii. Biofuel Production ii. CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Engineered microorganisms are being designed to produce biofuels through metabolic pathways that convert renewable resources into energy-rich molecules. This approach aims to provide sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. The revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 technology has transformed genetic engineering and synthetic biology. This system allows precise modification of DNA sequences, facilitating the targeted editing of genes in various organisms. iii. Environmental Remediation iii. Gene Synthesis Platforms Synthetic biology is explored for environmental purposes, including the development of organisms designed to remediate polluted environments. Engineered microbes capable of breaking down pollutants or sequestering carbon represent innovative solutions to ecological challenges. Gene synthesis platforms leverage automated methods to assemble DNA fragments, enabling the construction of genes with specific sequences. These platforms contribute to the rapid and cost-effective generation of custom- designed genetic constructs. 32

33. i. Safety and Biosecurity ii. Dual-Use Concerns: iii. Societal Engagement As it progresses, concerns regarding the safety and biosecurity of engineered organisms arise. Ensuring containment measures and preventing unintended consequences are crucial ethical considerations. The dual-use nature of synthetic biology, where technologies developed for beneficial purposes could also be used for harmful intentions, poses ethical dilemmas. Robust governance and ethical guidelines are essential to mitigate potential risks. Engaging the public in discussions about the goals, risks, and potential benefits of synthetic biology is integral to responsible research and development. Addressing public concerns and incorporating diverse perspectives contribute to ethical decision-making. i. Complexity and Predictability ii. Standardization Across Platforms iii. Education and Training The inherent complexity of biological systems poses challenges in predicting the behavior of engineered organisms accurately. Advancements in computational models and machine learning are crucial for enhancing predictability in it. Ensuring a skilled workforce in synthetic biology requires comprehensive education and training programs. Bridging the gap between disciplines and fostering collaboration among scientists, engineers, and ethicists is essential for the field’s continued growth. Achieving standardized components and methodologies across different synthetic biology platforms remains a challenge. Efforts to establish common standards and practices can enhance interoperability and reproducibility in the field. Conclusion At the vanguard of scientific advancement, synthetic biology presents a rare chance to engineer life for a variety of uses. The potential benefits of helping academics crack the code of nature are enormous and include everything from medical advancements to long-term fixes for urgent global issues. It is crucial to navigate the ethical terrain and tackle obstacles in order to ethically utilize the capabilities of synthetic biology. In the future, engineered biological systems will contribute to advances that benefit society while being conscious of ethical considerations and responsible innovation, according to the field’s ongoing journey. www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 33

36. NEWS That Fight Cancer! R An overview of the use of mushrooms in cancer studies throughout history esearchers in Portugal have extended earlier research demonstrating the anti-cancer effect of a short RNA (sRNA) fraction obtained from the golden chanterelle mushroom Cantharellus cibarius (CCI) in a new study published in the journal Medical Sciences Forum. The current work looks on the anti-cancer properties of sRNA derived from Agaricus bisporus (Portobello) and Boletus edulis (Porcini). It also assessed whether these mushrooms’ microRNAs might have anti-cancer qualities. While all mushroom sRNAs showed anti-cancer capabilities, experiments on cancer and normal cell lines showed that their relative activity varied greatly, indicating that anti-cancer sRNAs are enriched in particular sequences. These results demonstrate the possibility of using mushrooms as a source of biomolecules with anti- cancer properties and highlight the need for more studies on widely accessible fruits, vegetables, and in this case, fungi in order to potentially find remarkable bioactives with wide- ranging medical applications. The obvious umbrella-shaped fruiting body (sporophore) of some fungi is sometimes referred to as a mushroom. Only a small percentage of these fungi—roughly 14,000 to date—are safe for ingestion by humans. On the other hand, nearly every culture and civilization has included these few species as mainstays in its diet. For hundreds of years, some (mostly Asian) societies have utilised 36

37. “medicinal mushrooms” to heal diseases; nevertheless, until recently, the medical benefits of mushrooms have received little attention from the international community. comparison to sRNA fractions from CCI. MiRNAs from all three species were also assessed because prior research has suggested that miRNAs may have anti-cancer properties. After harvesting, every sample was freeze- dried, or lyophilized, to preserve sample freshness and stop RNA degradation. dosages for these compounds. BEDA, on the other hand, demonstrated no anti-cancer qualities. The most effective anti-cancer drugs were CCI3 and BEDB, which showed normal cell cytotoxicity only at considerably higher concentrations (250 µg/mL) and strong anti-cancer activity at modest dosages. The efficacy of miRNA BED and ABI as anti-cancer treatments was discounted since, in contrast to previously published CCI3 data, they did not demonstrate any statistically significant changes between cancer and normal cells. Medical research has started to screen mushroom biomolecules for possible medicinal applications due to growing interest in bioprospecting, which is the scientific search for naturally occurring biochemical or genetic products with useful applications. Numerous nutraceuticals with anti-oxidant, anti- cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties have been reported in recent decades. The discovery of water-soluble short RNA (sRNA) fractions isolated from Cantharellus cibarius (CCI) and Boletus edulis (BED) that demonstrated strong apoptosis- inducing and cell proliferation- inhibiting effects has recently drawn particular focus to the study of mushrooms’ potential anti-cancer properties. Anion-exchange chromatography was utilised to extract sRNAs in accordance with Lemieszek et al.’s techniques. The MirVana miRNA Isolation Kit was utilised for the extraction of miRNAs. The Caco-2 tumour cell line and the HDFn normal cell line were employed for in vivo efficacy assessments. The MTT (3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used in conjunction with spectrophotometric measurement to assess drug sensitivity metrics. Lastly, target messenger RNA transcripts in cultivated cells were visualised using RNA Fluorescence in Situ Hybridomapses (RNA-FISH) assays. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to confirm the results’ statistical significance. “Despite the similar purity and molecular weight when compared with the CCI3 and BEDB fractions, the BEDS and BEDH samples did not show the same biological effect. These data suggest a different primary structure of sRNA and a sequence-dependent effect. In order to understand whether the effect of CCI3 and BEDB was sequence- dependent and if the sequence isolated in these fractions was similar, we carried out an RNA-FISH in Caco-2 cells that were untreated and treated with CCI3 and BEDB for 96 h, using a clone isolated from CCI3 as a probe.” Regretfully, it is yet unclear how these sRNAs operate. The medical and nutritional industries stand to gain from the identification of these mechanisms and the expansion of mushroom species samples. The former will be able to leverage this information to optimise future research into the anti-cancer benefits (dosages, potential in vivo toxicity), while the latter will be able to present a stronger case for the nutritional benefits of these nutraceuticals. Study results BEDA and BEDB are two distinct sRNA fractions that were obtained from the purification of BED. ABI purification unexpectedly yielded only one fraction (ABIA), suggesting that there are differences in the chemical and functional makeup of mushrooms and their sRNAs. The genetic sequences of the BEDB and CCI3 fractions were shown to be over 80% comparable by RNA-FISH, indicating that both fractions are concentrated in the same sRNA sequence. Concerning the study Evaluations of the effectiveness of sRNA in cell lines showed that at 50 µg/mL, ABIA could inhibit the viability of cancer cells. Higher quantities proved to be harmful to normal cells, even though they suppressed the cancer more efficiently. Therefore, additional research is required to determine the optimal The current work examined the possible anti-cancer activity of sRNAs from BED and Agaricus bisporus (ABI), also referred to as Portobello, two previously untested mushroom species collected from Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal), in “However, further functional studies will be needed in order to understand their target in tumor cells and the mechanism behind their anti-tumor capacity.” www.thelifesciencesmagazine.com | 37