THERIES OF THEACHING

1. THERIES OF THEACHING Mrs-DeepmalaPaul GOVT COLLEGE OF NUESING GWALIOR

2. Definition of Teaching “Teaching is intimate contact between a more mature personality and a less mature one which designed to further the education of the latter”. Morrison (1934). Teaching as “an interactive process, primarily involving classroom talk which takes place between teacher and pupil and occurs during certain definable activities”. Edmund Amidon (1967

3. Definitions of Learning ‘Learning is acquisition of knowledge, habits and attitudes. It involves new ways of doing things in order to overcome obstacles or to adjust to new situations. It enables the person to satisfy interests to attain goals.’ Crow & Crow ‘Learning is the acquisition of new behavior or the strengthening or weakening of old behavior as a result of experience.’ Henry Smith

4. Definition of “A theory of teaching is a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, propositions which present a systematic view of teaching by specifying relations among variables with the purpose of explaining and predicting”.

5. Theory of teaching answers • Explains relationship between teaching and learning • Identifies common factors • Gives knowledge about the assumptions of teaching activities

6. Need for a theory of teaching - • Provide guideline for organizing teaching • Helps to develop instructional designs • Provides scientific basis for planning, organizing and evaluating teaching • Helps to solves classroom teaching problems • Helps to develop teaching skills and competency • Helps to achieve teaching objectives • Helps to increase the understanding, prediction and control of teaching Continue

7. 3 types theories of teaching are • Formal theory (philosophical theory) of teaching • Descriptive theory of teaching • 3.Normative theory of teaching Types of teaching theories

8. Formal (philosophical) Theory of teaching Based upon: • Logic • Metaphysical & • epistemological assumptions? • Propositions

9. The following are the four philosophical theories of teaching: • Meutic Theory of Teaching • The Communication Theory of Teaching • The Moulding Theory of Teaching • The Mutual Inquiry Theory of teaching

10. Meutic Theory of Teaching • Follows questioning techniques(Socratic’s method) • Focus on self-realization • II The communication theory of Teaching • Teacher possesses all knowledge and information • Child is like a clean state

11. The moulding theory of teaching .Focus on shape, form and mould of the students behavior .Basic assumption: human personality is formed, shaped and moulded by their environment IV The mutual inquiry theory .Main assumption: information substituted for inquiry ?True knowledge is inquiry . Applicable to research and art .Each individual has capacity to discover new knowledge with mutual inquiry

12. DescriptiveTheoryofTeaching • Based upon • empirical evidence and observation • Purpose: • . predict the relationship and effectiveness of variables of teaching • .Based upon certain propositions and certain observations. • Types of descriptive theory of teaching according to Gardon and Bruner: • Instruction theory of teaching • Prescriptive theory of teaching

13. Theories of Instructions • Consists of a set of propositions • Measures the outcome of education • Measure both the conditions and characteristics of the learner • Gagne’s hierarchical theory of Instruction • Atkinson’s Decision Theoretic Analysis for optimizing learning • Bruner’s Cognitive Developmental Theory of Instruction

14. Prescriptive theory of teaching • E. Stones and Morris gave three phases: • The first phase: analysis of the teaching problems and teaching tests before teaching takes place ,analysis of teaching content and analysis of the nature of the student’s learning • The second Phase: decision are made about the interrelationship of the variables deemed appropriate to teaching objectives. • The third phase: evaluating the effectiveness and workability of phase two in relaxing the objective and this consists of techniques of examination in which variables have been interrelated in phase second.

15. NormativeTheory of teaching • Difficult to control human subjects in experimental situation • The learning theories-developed under controlled conditions • conducting experiments on animals ? • It explains the relationship among teaching variables on the basis of observations in normal teaching condition. • The following 4 are the NormativeTheory of teaching • The cognitive theory of teaching • Theory of teacher-behaviour • Psychological theory of teaching • The general theory of teaching This category has four theories of teaching:

16. The cognitive theory of teaching . • N.L. Gage suggest • Types of teacher’s activity • Types of educatTypes of learning theories • Types of components of learning • b) Theory of teacher behavior • D.G. Ryan and M. Meux and B.O. • It explains the relationship of variables, • It is based upon two postulates: • Teacher behavior is social in nature • Teacher behavior is relative

17. The Psychological theory of teaching • Sort contractual relationship between the teacher and the pupils. • The relationship consists of certain activities to be performed by the teacher such as : • analyzing teaching task, • determining learning goals, • identifying entering behavior • selecting teaching strategy.

18. General Theory of teaching • S.C.T. Clarke formulated • It assumes that teaching is process designed and performed to produce change in behavior of students . • Teaching activities: diverse and vary at different levels of teaching and objectives. • Teaching activities: acceptable by a democratic society.

19. Thank you for reading