Exploring Cancer Treatment Options in Singapore

1. Exploring Cancer Treatment Options in Singapore Cancer remains one of the leading health concerns in Singapore, with thousands of new cases diagnosed each year. As medical technologies evolve and awareness improves, patients in Singapore have access to a broad range of treatment options across public and private healthcare institutions. This article explores the various types of cancer treatments available, the multidisciplinary approach to care, and the role of early detection and supportive services in managing the disease. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Cancer Care Cancer treatment in Singapore is often provided through a multidisciplinary team that may include oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, nurses, and allied health professionals. This team-based approach ensures that patients receive comprehensive care tailored to the type and stage of their cancer, as well as to their overall health and preferences. Multidisciplinary tumour boards are commonly used in hospitals to review complex cases and decide on the most effective treatment plans. These discussions consider diagnostic imaging, biopsy results, genetic factors, and potential side effects to guide therapy decisions. Common Cancer Treatment Modalities 1. Surgery Surgery is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, particularly for solid tumors such as breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. In Singapore, surgical oncology is supported by advanced facilities and minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy and robotic-assisted surgery. These methods aim to reduce recovery time, minimise complications, and improve outcomes. 2. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It may be used alone or in combination with other treatments like surgery or radiation. In Singapore, chemotherapy is typically administered in specialised oncology units within hospitals. The choice of drugs and treatment schedules depends on the type of cancer, its stage, and how the patient responds to treatment. 3. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy involves the use of high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells. Techniques available in Singapore include external beam radiation and brachytherapy. With the help of image-guided and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IGRT and IMRT), doctors are able to focus radiation more precisely, which helps spare surrounding healthy tissue. 4. Targeted Therapy Unlike chemotherapy, which affects both cancerous and healthy cells, targeted therapy works by interfering with specific molecules involved in cancer growth. These treatments are often used for cancers

2. with known genetic mutations, such as HER2-positive breast cancer or EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Molecular profiling is often performed to determine if a patient is suitable for targeted therapies. 5. Immunotherapy Immunotherapy is a newer form of cancer treatment that harnesses the body's immune system to recognise and fight cancer. In Singapore, immunotherapy is increasingly used for cancers such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and certain lymphomas. Treatment outcomes vary and ongoing research continues to expand its applications. Supportive and Palliative Care Supportive care plays a critical role in managing side effects and improving quality of life during and after treatment. Services may include pain management, nutritional counselling, psychological support, and rehabilitation. Palliative care is also offered to patients with advanced cancer, focusing on comfort and symptom relief. Hospitals and cancer centres in Singapore often provide access to patient support groups and counselling services, helping patients and families cope with the emotional and practical aspects of a cancer diagnosis. Public and Private Healthcare Access Cancer treatment is available in both public institutions such as the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), National University Cancer Institute, and private hospitals across the island. Public hospitals offer subsidised care for eligible Singapore citizens and permanent residents, while private facilities provide shorter wait times and more personalised options for those who choose them. Access to financial assistance schemes, such as MediShield Life, MediSave, and government subsidies, helps ease the burden of treatment costs for many residents. Conclusion Singapore offers a wide spectrum of cancer treatment options supported by a strong healthcare infrastructure and ongoing medical research. The combination of multidisciplinary care, access to advanced treatments, and supportive services ensures that patients receive comprehensive care throughout their cancer journey. Early detection, timely intervention, and informed decision-making remain central to improving outcomes for those affected by cancer in Singapore.