Module 1

1. Module 1: Introduction to Wastewater

2. Introduction to Wastewater - Learning Outcomes

3. Introduction to Wastewater - Learning Outcomes

4. Introduction to Wastewater - Learning Outcomes

5. Water is used in almost every aspect of our lives

6. Water is used in almost every aspect of our lives

7. Water is used in almost every aspect of our lives

8. Water is used in almost every aspect of our lives

9. Sources and Types of Wastewaters

10. Sources and Types of Wastewaters

11. Sources and Types of Wastewaters

12. Sources and Types of Wastewaters

13. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 1. What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water? • a) 3% • b) 10% • c) 30% • d) 70%

14. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 2. What is the main reason for the projected increase in global water demand by 2050? • a) Climate change • b) Population growth • c) Industrialization • d) All of the above

15. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 3. What is the primary component of wastewater? • a) Organic matter • b) Pathogens • c) Water • d) Nutrients

16. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 4. What is BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)? • a) A measure of the amount of oxygen needed to break down organic matter • b) A measure of the amount of water in wastewater • c) A measure of the amount of pathogens in wastewater • d) A measure of the amount of nutrients in wastewater

17. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 5. Which of the following is NOT a source of wastewater? • a) Domestic usage • b) Industrial usage • c) Agricultural runoff • d) Rainfall

18. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 6. What is the main concern regarding the 0.1% of waste in wastewater? • a) It can contaminate freshwater sources • b) It can harm aquatic life • c) It can spread diseases • d) All of the above

19. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 7. What is a key strategy for addressing water scarcity? • a) Developing water-resilient infrastructure • b) Implementing water conservation measures • c) Investing in desalination technologies • d) All of the above

20. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 8. What is the primary goal of wastewater treatment? • a) To remove all contaminants from wastewater • b) To make wastewater safe for human consumption • c) To make wastewater safe for discharge into the environment • d) To reduce the amount of water used in industrial processes

21. 1 - Domestic Sewage

22. 2 - Industrial Sewage

23. 3 - Commercial Sewage

24. 4 - Agricultural Sewage

25. 5 - Municipal Sewage

26. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 1. Which type of sewage originates from residential households? • a) Industrial sewage • b) Commercial sewage • c) Agricultural sewage • d) Domestic sewage

27. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 2. What is a unique characteristic of industrial sewage? • a) It typically contains a high concentration of organic matter. • b) It often requires specialized treatment processes. • c) It is primarily generated from animal waste. • d) It is usually discharged directly into water bodies.

28. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 3. What type of sewage is a combination of domestic, industrial, and commercial wastewater? • a) Agricultural sewage • b) Municipal sewage • c) Commercial sewage • d) Industrial sewage

29. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 4. What is the main source of agricultural sewage? • a) Irrigation runoff • b) Animal waste • c) Crop production • d) All of the above

30. Confirm  Your Knowledge • 5. What is the primary purpose of wastewater treatment plants? • a) To remove all contaminants from wastewater • b) To make wastewater safe for human consumption • c) To make wastewater safe for discharge into the environment • d) To reduce the amount of water used in industrial processes

31. Confirm  Your Knowledge

32. Sources and Types of Wastewaters • It is important to note that the composition and characteristics of sewage can vary depending on the location, the size of the population, the industrial activities in the area, and the level of treatment provided. Proper management and treatment of sewage are essential to protect public health and the environment.

33. Sources and Types of Wastewaters • Two types of wastewater • First of all, wastewater can be broken down into two broad categories – sewage and non-sewage. • What is sewage? • Sewage is wastewater that comes from domestic activities. That includes houses, public toilets, restaurants, schools, hotels and hospitals. These buildings all produce a lot of wastewater on a daily basis, which generally contains urine and faeces. • What is non-sewage? • Non-sewage covers all other types of wastewater. That includes rainwater and stormwater from flooding, water from commercial activity like garages or laundrettes and water from industrial plants.

34. Wastewater in your home • In a domestic sense – the kind we’re all most familiar with – wastewater is split into three categories: – • Black. • Grey. • yellow.

35. What is Blackwater? • Blackwater is wastewater that comes from your toilet, kitchen sink and dishwasher. • It contains all the contaminants you would expect from these appliances and fixtures. • Faeces, urine and toilet paper, bits of discarded food and plenty of cleaning liquids and chemicals are found in Blackwater. • As a result, the water is highly contaminated and could potentially cause disease.

36. What is Greywater? • In simple terms, greywater is Blackwater without urine, faeces or food waste. • It comes from baths, bathroom sinks and washing machines (for clothes). • While it does contain chemicals and cleaning liquids, it’s much more suitable for re-use because it’s not pathogenic.

37. What is Yellow water? • Finally, yellow water is essentially pure urine. • It’s urine from specific sources which doesn’t have any of the contaminants found in greywater or Blackwater like chemicals, toilet paper, faeces and food particles.

38. Types of Wastewater Based on Characteristics • Raw Wastewater: •  Untreated wastewater. • Collected from various sources before entering a treatment plant. • It's typically high in organic matter, suspended solids, pathogens, and nutrients.

39. Types of Wastewater Based on Characteristics • Treated Wastewater: • Wastewater that has undergone some level of treatment. • Ranging from simple screening and sedimentation to advanced biological and chemical treatment processes.

40. Types of Wastewater Based on Characteristics • Reclaimed Wastewater: • Treated wastewater that meets certain quality standards. • Can be reused for irrigation, industrial processes, or groundwater recharge.

41. Types of Wastewater Based on Characteristics • Blackwater: • Wastewater from toilets, showers, and bathtubs, characterized by its high organic content and potential presence of pathogens. • Greywater: • Wastewater from washing machines, dishwashers, and sinks, containing detergents, soaps, and food remnants.

42. Types of Wastewater Based on Characteristics • Industrial Wastewater: • Classified based on the industry generating it and its specific characteristics. • Storm water Runoff: • Characterized by its variable flow rates and high sediment and debris content.

43. Pollutants in Wastewater • Various pollutants, both organic and inorganic, in wastewater come from residential, commercial, or industrial sources. • They can harm the environment and human health if not properly managed. Wastewater contains complex organic materials, nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich compounds, pathogenic organisms, synthetic organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, microplastics, sediments, radioactive substances, oil, and heat. • Pollutants in wastewater can harm aquatic ecosystems, contaminate water bodies, and pose health risks to humans and wildlife

44. Pollutants in Wastewater • 7 Major Types of Water Pollutants: • The various types of water pollutants can be classified in to following major categories: • (1) Organic pollutants, • (2) Pathogens, • (3) Nutrients and agriculture runoff, • (4) Suspended solids and sediments (organic and inorganic), • (5) Inorganic pollutants (salts and metals), • (6) Thermal Pollution, and • (7) Radioactive ...

45. Pollutants in Wastewater • Organic Pollutants: • These pollutants include a wide range of organic compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, and industrial chemicals. • They can originate from agricultural activities, industrial discharges, and urban runoff. • Organic pollutants can have detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health.

46. Pollutants in Wastewater • Pathogens: • Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. • They can enter water bodies through untreated sewage, animal waste, and contaminated runoff. • Pathogens in water can lead to waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and gastroenteritis.

47. Pollutants in Wastewater • Nutrients and Agricultural Runoff: • Excessive amounts of nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, can enter water bodies through agricultural runoff, sewage, and stormwater runoff. • These nutrients can cause eutrophication, leading to harmful algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and disruption of aquatic ecosystems.

48. Pollutants in Wastewater • Suspended Solids and Sediments: • Suspended solids are fine particles, while sediments are larger particles that settle at the bottom of water bodies. • Both can come from erosion, construction activities, and industrial discharges. • High levels of suspended solids and sediments can reduce water clarity, degrade habitats, and impact aquatic organisms.

49. Pollutants in Wastewater • Inorganic Pollutants: • Inorganic pollutants include salts, heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury, cadmium), and other inorganic compounds. • They can originate from industrial discharges, mining activities, and agricultural runoff. • Inorganic pollutants can accumulate in water bodies, posing risks to aquatic organisms and potentially entering the food chain.

50. Pollutants in Wastewater • Thermal Pollution: • Thermal pollution occurs when there is a significant increase in water temperature due to human activities, such as power plant cooling or industrial processes. • Elevated water temperatures can negatively impact aquatic organisms, disrupt ecosystems, and reduce dissolved oxygen levels.