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VARIATIONS

VARIATIONS. A Digital Music Library System at Indiana University Jon W. Dunn Constance A. Mayer. VARIATIONS: Introduction. Digital library of music sound recordings Developed in conjunction with design of a new physical music library facility; access currently limited to that facility

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VARIATIONS

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  1. VARIATIONS A Digital Music Library System at Indiana University Jon W. Dunn Constance A. Mayer ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  2. VARIATIONS: Introduction • Digital library of music sound recordings • Developed in conjunction with design of a new physical music library facility; access currently limited to that facility • Used daily by large student population • New way of providing access to a basic music library function (listening reserves) • Online since 1996 ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  3. Outline of talk • Background • Access scenarios • Technical implementation • User experiences • Conclusions, future work ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  4. Context • Other audio-based music library efforts • JUKEBOX (EC), PATRON (Surrey, UK) • E-Reserves: Berkeley, Wisconsin, Columbia, UCSD, Virginia, ... • Other music library projects • Sheet music: Johns Hopkins, Duke, LC, Berkeley, UNC-CH • Encoding: CCARH - Stanford • Notation search/analysis: NZDL, HUMDRUM, ... ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  5. Context • Indiana University School of Music • Largest in US: 1600 students, 140 faculty • strong academic and performance programs • Cook Music Library • Collection in top 5 in US • 320,000 cataloged print items • 130,000 cataloged sound recordings • Very high usage, circulation ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  6. Background • Burroughs and Fenske, 1990 • VARIATIONS Name • Theme and Variations • Variety of information formats for music • Networked access for the music student or scholar to sound recordings, scores, textual materials, video recordings ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  7. Focus on audio • High demand portion of collection • Circulation of over 5500/month from closed stacks • Fragile formats • Lack of previous work; uniqueness ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  8. Focus on audio reserves • Half of sound recording use from reserves • Problems with existing practices • Cassette tape dubs, analog distribution systems • Concentrated use of a few items at any given time • Pilot online in April 1996, more in Fall • Currently: 5500 titles, 6600 hours of audio • Opera, songs, instrumental music, jazz, rock, world music ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  9. Access scenarios • Course reserve • Catalog ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  10. VARIATIONS Player ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  11. Why use existing catalog? • Physical items already MARC-cataloged in NOTIS online catalog system • Users familiar with search strategies • Search method independent of whether item is available physically or electronically ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  12. Disadvantages of using catalog • Varying levels of detail in individual records; arrangement of information sometimes confusing • Search strategies often confusing to the novice • Lack of functionality in Web/Z39.50 interface in NOTIS ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  13. Technical implementation • Strategies • Integrate rather than develop • Use off-the-shelf hardware and software • Sustainability • Single technology vendor for emerging technologies (IBM) ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  14. Audio capture • Performed in-house • Variety of source formats • LP, reel-to-reel, cassette, DAT, CD • Hardware: PC, sound card, CD-ROM drive • Software: Sound Forge, Disc-to-Disk • Format: WAV, 44.1 kHz 16-bit stereo • Track timings and names recorded by technician ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  15. Processing • CD-quality WAV files compressed to MPEG-1 layer 2 (near CD-quality) • 1.4 Mbps  384 kbps • Track timing information stored in “metadata file” ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  16. Information architecture ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  17. Metadata • Descriptive • MARC record (composer, title, performer, subject headings, …) • Structural • Metadata file (track names and timings) • Administrative • Metadata file (date digitized, file format, equipment used, copyright notice, …) ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  18. MARC Record BM FMT M RT j BL m T/C DT 01/28/91 R/DT 10/08/98 STAT nm E/L DCF a D/S D SRC d PLACE nyu LANG MOD T/AUD REPRO D/CODE p DT/1 1987 DT/2 1986 F/COMP mu SCORE n A/MAT ehi L/TEXT 007 GMD s SMD d O/R ? SP f SND s GRV n DIM g WID n TAPE n TYPE m MAT l CUT n R/CH e C/ST d 024/1:1 : |a 7559791442 028/1:03: |a 79144-2 |b Elektra Nonesuch 028/2:00: |a 9 79144-2 |b Elektra Nonesuch 033/1:0 : |a 198611-- |b 4364 |c S5 035/1: : |a (OCoLC)ocm19236651 040: : |a YUU |c YUU |d CPL |d OCL |d IUL 045:1 : |b d1985 |b d1973 |b d19800103 047: : |a df |a hy 048/1: : |a oa 099/1: : |a CD |a .A214 |a Ge 100:10: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- 240:10: |a Orchestra music. |k Selections 245:14: |a The Chairman dances : |b foxtrot for orchestra ; Christian zeal and activity ; Two fanfares for orchestra ; Common tones in simple time |h <sound recording> / |c John Adams. 260:0 : |a New York, N.Y. : |b Elektra Nonesuch, |c p1987. 300/1: : |a 1 sound disc : |b digital ; |c 4 3/4 in. 306: : |a 001227 |a 001000 |a 000411 |a 000413 |a 002037 500/1: : |a Elektra Nonesuch: 79144-2 (on container: 9 79144-2). 500/2: : |a The 2nd work based on the hymn Onward Christian soldiers. ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  19. MARC Record 511/3:0 : |a San Francisco Symphony ; Edo de Waart, conductor. 518/4: : |a Recorded Nov. 1986, at Davies Symphony Hall, San Francisco. 500/5: : |a Compact disc. 500/6: : |a Durations: 12:27; 10:00; 4:11; 4:13; 20:37. 500/7: : |a Program notes by Michael Steinberg (<8> p.) inserted in container. 505/8:2 : |a Two fanfares for orchestra. Tromba lontana ; Short ride in a fast machine. 650/1: 0: |a Orchestral music. 600/2:10: |a Mao, Tse-tung, |d 1893-1976 |x Songs and music. 650/3: 0: |a Fox trots. 650/4: 0: |a Hymns |x Instrumental settings. 650/5: 0: |a Fanfares. 650/6: 0: |a Dance orchestra music. 700/1:10: |a Waart, Edo de. |4 cnd 700/2:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t Chairman dances. 700/3:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t American standard. |p Christian zeal and activity. 700/4:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t Tromba lontana. 700/5:12: |a Adams, John, |d 1947- |t Short ride in a fast machine. 710/7:20: |a San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. |4 prf 740/8:01: |a Christian zeal and activity. 740/9:01: |a Common tones in simple time. 740/10:01: |a Tromba lontana. 740/11:01: |a Short ride in a fast machine. 856/1:7 : |u http://www.music.indiana.edu/cgi-bin/var/access?ABE7278 |2 http ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  20. Metadata file # ABE7278A CWB 1-12-95 Author=Adams, John, 1947- Title=<Orchestra music. Selections> Equipment=D2D MediaType=Audio [Track 1] TrackTitle=Adams, The Chairman Dances (Foxtrot for Orchestra) Offset=0 [Track 2] TrackTitle=Adams, Christian Zeal and Activity Offset=750774 [Track 3] WorkTitle=Adams, Two Fanfares for Orchestra TrackTitle=Tromba lontana Offset=1362601 [Track 4] TrackTitle=Short Ride in a Fast Machine Offset=1619040 ... ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  21. Content storage • Two levels: • Archive server • IBM RS/6000 server, 3494 automated tape library, two 3590 drives (5 TB capacity) • IBM ADSM storage management software • Playback server • IBM RS/6000 server, 130GB disk • Multimedia Server for AIX (initially): NFS • IBM VideoCharger (now): RTP/RTSP streaming ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  22. Content access Playback server VideoCharger Web server Client Player Browser

  23. Content access Playback server VideoCharger Archive server (ADSM) VRS Web server Client Player Browser

  24. Performance • May 1, 1998 - May 1, 1999: • Playback server cache hit rate: 83% • Mean time for retrieval of file from archive: 3 minutes ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  25. Client • Hardware • Pentium PC, sound card (ideally a good one!) • ATM or Switched Ethernet • Software • Standard web browser • MPEG decoder (e.g. MS DirectShow) • VARIATIONS Player helper application • Visual C++, VideoCharger or QuickTime 4 API for streaming access ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  26. User reaction • Usage statistics • Feedback via web form, informal comments by students and faculty and observations by library staff ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  27. Usage statistics ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  28. Usage statistics ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  29. Usage statistics • Average use per day: ~400 player launches, over 6000/day during exams ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  30. Feedback • Most common: problem reports on specific files or computers • Desire for expanded access ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  31. Future work • Expand data formats: • Liner note images, score images, score notation files, MIDI files, video • Score image pilot currently in progress • Integration of content-based search tools • Standards for music metadata • Access to content by applications ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  32. Future work • Expand access • Other locations on campus • faculty offices, computer labs, dorm rooms, etc. • Off-campus • Other institutions - Internet2 • Resource sharing, distributed collections, ILL ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  33. Future work • Intellectual property • Fair use and other copyright exceptions • Licensing • Complexity of music copyright • Multiple rights holders and collectives • Technical facilities for complying with exceptions or license terms ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

  34. More information • VARIATIONS home page • http://www.music.indiana.edu/variations/ • E-mail: • Jon Dunn: jwd@indiana.edu • Connie Mayer: mayerc@indiana.edu ACM DL99 - August 12, 1999

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