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Mitigation of primary PM emissions Overview of existing technical and non-technical emissions mitigation techniques

Mitigation of primary PM emissions Overview of existing technical and non-technical emissions mitigation techniques. M. Amann, J. Cofala, Z. Klimont International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Projected PM emissions in Europe 2000-2020. EU-15. EU-10. Non-EU.

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Mitigation of primary PM emissions Overview of existing technical and non-technical emissions mitigation techniques

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  1. Mitigation of primary PM emissionsOverview of existing technical and non-technical emissions mitigation techniques M. Amann, J. Cofala, Z. Klimont International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)

  2. Projected PM emissions in Europe2000-2020 EU-15 EU-10 Non-EU

  3. Contribution to primary PM2.5 emissions “With climate measures” scenario, EU-15 [kt]

  4. Main technical emission control options for PM850 options considered in RAINS

  5. Main technical emission control options for PMcontinued

  6. Main technical emission control options for PM continued

  7. Scope for non-technical measures • Local traffic restrictions • For PM2.5, need to reduce overall emissions, not only divert them • Consumer’s behavior difficult to model (with RAINS) • Accelerated phase-out of solid fuels in home heating • E.g., removal of subsidies for local coal heating, or EU structural funds for replacement of heating systems • General reduction of carbonaceous fuel consumption through a carbon tax • CAFE analysis: illustrative scenario with 90 €/t CO2 carbon price (compared to 20 €/t CO2 in baseline)

  8. Scope for non-technical measures for PM2.5Effect of a 90 €/to CO2 carbon tax, according to PRIMES calculations With maximum technically reductions With current legislation

  9. Sectoral emissions of PM2.5CAFE calculations, EU-15

  10. Sectoral emissions of PM2.5CAFE calculations, EU-10

  11. Sectoral emissions of PM2.5RAINS estimates, Non-EU countries

  12. Sectoral shares in PM2.5 emission reductionsCAFE scenarios for EU-25, 2020

  13. Further cost-effective measures to reduce PM emissions in the CAFE scenarios for the EU-25 (1) Domestic sector (32% of CAFE Case A reduction): • Dedusters (cyclones, fabric filters) on larger boilers in the commercial sector • Accelerated introduction of new boilers in the residential sector (mainly for biomass) • For the scenarios with higher ambition levels: non-catalytic inserts for fireplaces and stoves Transport (26% of CAFE Case A reduction): • Additional measures for light duty diesel vehicles • Additional measures for heavy duty diesel vehicles • Low sulphur fuels for national sea traffic and national fishing, which also reduces the PM emissions

  14. Further cost-effective measures to reduce PM emissions in the CAFE scenarios for the EU-25 (2) Industrial processes (22% of CAFE Case A reduction): • High efficiency dedusters to control stack emissions • Good practice to control fugitive emissions (for all countries and all ambition levels) Waste (19% of CAFE Case A reduction): • Good practice • Ban on open burning of agricultural and household waste

  15. Further cost-effective measures to reduce PM emissions in the CAFE scenarios for the EU-25 (3) Power plants (10% of CAFE Case A reduction): • High efficiency dedusters for all existing and new boilers using solid fuels • Good housekeeping measures for oil boilers Industrial combustion (2% of CAFE Case A reduction): • High efficiency dedusters for all countries and all ambition levels • Good housekeeping measures on oil boilers Conversion sector (1% of CAFE Case A reduction): • High efficiency dedusters (electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters) for process sources in refineries and coking plants • Good housekeeping for oil fired furnaces

  16. SNAP 10: Agriculture SNAP 9: Waste treatment and disposal SNAP 8: Other mobile sources and machinery + non-technical measures! SNAP 7: Road transport SNAP 5: Extraction and distribution SNAP 4: Production processes SNAP 3: Combustion in manufacturing industry SNAP 2: Non-industrial combustion plants SNAP 1: Combustion in energy industries 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 kilotons PM2.5 MTFR Room for further improvement beyond CLE Current legislation 2000-2020 Potential for further measures in Non-EU countries

  17. Conclusions • A wide range of technical and non-technical measures to control primary PM2.5 emissions from all sectors is available • Many of them are already applied (or will be applied due to existing legislation), especially in the EU • Many of the “current legislation” measures of the EU are not yet considered in the EECCA countries, especially for industrial process emissions • Further reductions of primary PM emissions are cost-effective means for improving ambient PM2.5, also in the EU-25 • Large scope for non-technical measures to reduce PM emissions from small sources (solid fuel combustion), especially in EECCA countries

  18. More information: www.iiasa.ac.at/rains

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