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Html

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Html

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  1. HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language) • HTML is a structured markup language that is used to create web-pages. It is collection of codes, called elements, which indicate the structure & format of a document. • In other words, it is a text file containing small tags which tell the browser how to display the page. • An Html file will have .htm or .html as extension • To create a html file, you need a text editor Example:- windows --- notepad

  2. Html Rules & Guidelines • Html documents are structured documents • Element names are not case-sensitive. Ex:- <Html> or <hTML> or <HTML> all are same. • Attribute names aren’t case-sensitive. • Attribute values may be case-sensitive. • Attribute values should be given in quotes. • Element names cannot contain spaces. • Html documents may contain comments. • Elements should nest. • Browser ignores unknown elements. <Book> </Book> • Browsers ignore unknown attributes . <Img clown = “Bozo” Src = “bozo.gif” >

  3. Structure of Html document Any Html document will have the following structure. Though need not always include all the element,but will generally follow this structure. <! Doctype Html public “html version”> <Html> <Head> <Title> Document structure </Title> ……….. Other info </Head> <Body> ………..Marked-up text goes here </Body> </Html> • <! Doctype>:- To indicate as to which version of Html we are using.

  4. <Html> element:- The <Html> element indicates the beginning and end of an Html document. It is a container for all other elements. It contains <Head> and <Body> element. • <Head> element:- It contains identification & supplementary information about the document. This element is optional. The <Head> element includes <style>, <Title>etc. 1.<script> element:- It allows programs written in a scripting language to be directly embedded in a web page. Ex:- Vbscript, Javascript. 2. <style> element:- It encloses style specifications covering fonts, colors, positioning & other aspects of content presentation. 3. <Title> element:- It is used for declaring the title or name of the HTML document. A document title may contain standard text as well as character entities.

  5. <Body> element:- The text that is to be marked up is shown in the body element of Html document. Common attributes of body element are • Text -- for text-color • Bgcolor – for background color • Alink – for active link color • Vlink – for visited link color • Link – for unvisited link Nearly all Html elements have four core attributes • Id :- Id is used to set a unique name for a tag in a document. • Class:- Class is used to indicate the class or classes that a tag may belong to. Class name need not be unique. • Style:- Style is used to add stylesheet information directly to a tag. • Title:- Title is used to provide advisory text about a tag or its contents. It is displayed in the form of tooltip.

  6. Common basic Html elements/tags • The Html tags can be divided into the following:- • block-level elements, • text-level elements, • computer-output elements(logical text elements), • character entities. Block-level elements:- i) <p>….</p>(paragraph):- Paragraph is used to define a new paragraph .The paragraph element inserts a blank line before and a line after the paragraph. ii) Headings:- Headings are defined with <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest and <h6> defines the smallest heading. It will have closing tags </h1> to </h6>. Html adds a blank line before and after a heading. iii) Line breaks:- The <br> tag is used when you want to end a line, but don’t want to start a new paragraph.This does not have an end tag. It is an empty tag. iv) comments:- The comment tag is used to insert a comment in Html source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser.< ! -- -- >

  7. Formatting Html defines a lot of elements for formatting output, like bold or italic text. The following are the text-level elements(text formatting elements):-

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