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Generations of Computer

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Generations of Computer

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  1. Information Technology &E-Business fundamentals IT- Presentation By Abhiraj Singh Rajput

  2. Generations Of Computer

  3. Module- What is Generations of Computer Basic Terms used in generation of computer Types of generation of computer Artificial intelligence Conclusion

  4. What is Generation of computer? Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system. Acomputer is a machine thatmanipulates data according to a setof instructions. A computer is aprogrammable machine thatreceives input, stores and providesoutput in a useful format, they canbeconstructed out of almostanything.

  5. Basic Terms used in generation of computer • Vaccum Tube- an electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum. It used as a switch, amplifier, or display screen in many older model radios, televisions, computers, etc • Transistor- an electronic component that can be used as an amplifier or as a switch. It is used to control the flow of electricity in radios, televisions, computers, etc. • Integrated circuit (IC) – a small electronic circuit printed on a chip (usually made of silicon) that contains many its own circuit elements (e.g. transistors, diodes, resistors, etc.). • Microprocessor – an electronic component held on an integrated circuit that contains a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) and other associated circuits. • CPU (central processing unit) – It is often referred to as the brain or engine of a computer where most of the processing and operations take place (CPU is part of a microprocessor).

  6. Magnetic drum – a cylinder coated with magnetic material, on which data and programs can be stored. • Magnetic core – uses arrays of small rings of magnetized material called cores to store information. • Machine language – a low-level programming language comprised of a collection of binary digits (ones and zeros) that the computer can read and understand. Assembly language is like the machine language that a computer can understand, except that assembly language uses abbreviated words (e.g. ADD, SUB, DIV…) in place of numbers (0s and 1s). • Memory – a physical device that is used to store data, information and program in a computer. • Artificial intelligence (AI) – an area of computer science that deals with the simulation and creation of intelligent machines or intelligent behave in computers (they think, learn, work, and react like humans).

  7. INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) TRANSISTOR VACCUM TUBE MAGNETIC DRUM MEMORY MICROPROCESSOR

  8. Types of generation of computer

  9. First Generation of computer • The period 1940 to 1956, roughly considered as the First Generation of Computer. • The first generation computers were developed by using vacuum tube or thermionic valve machine. • The input of this system was based on punched cards and paper tape; however, the output was displayed on printouts. • The first generation computers worked on binary-coded concept (i.e., language of 0-1). Examples:ENIAC, EDVAC, etc.

  10. Second generation of computer • The period 1956 to 1963 is roughly considered as the period of Second Generation of Computers. • The second generation computers were developed by using transistor technology. • In comparison to the first generation, the size of second generation was smaller. • In comparison to computers of the first generation, the computing time taken by the computers of the second generation was lesser.

  11. Third generation of computer • The period 1963 to 1971 is roughly considered as the period of Third Generation of computers. • The third generation computers were developed by using the Integrated Circuit (IC) technology. • In comparison to the computers of the second generation, the size of the computers of the third generation was smaller. • In comparison to the computers of the second generation, the computing time taken by the computers of the third generation was lesser. • The third generation computer consumed less power and also generated less heat. • The maintenance cost of the computers in the third generation was also low. • The computer system of the computers of the third generation was easier for commercial use.

  12. Fourth generation of computer • The period 1972 to 2010 is roughly considered as the fourth generation of computers. • The fourth generation computers were developed by using microprocessor technology. • By coming to fourth generation, computer became very small in size, it became portable. • The machine of fourth generation started generating very low amount of heat. • It is much faster and accuracy became more reliable. • The production cost reduced to very low in comparison to the previous generation. • It became available for the common people as well.

  13. Fifth generation of computer • The period 2010 to till date and beyond, roughly considered as the period of fifth generation of computers. • By the time, the computer generation was being categorized on the basis of hardware only, but the fifth generation technology also included software. • The computers of the fifth generation had high capability and large memory capacity. • Working with computers of this generation was fast and multiple tasks could be performed simultaneously. • Some of the popular advanced technologies of the fifth generation include Artificial intelligence, Quantum computation, Nanotechnology, Parallel processing, etc.

  14. Fifth generation computer is the latest generation of computer

  15. Artificial intelligence

  16. Introduction to Artificial intelligence {ai} • Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. • Types Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) • Reactive Machines • Limited Memory • Theory of Mind • Self-Awareness Examples of Artificial Intelligence • Siri, Alexa and other smart assistants • Self-driving cars • Robo-advisors • Conversational bots • Email spam filters • Netflix's recommendations

  17. Conclusion In the case of generation of computers, the conclusion would include, ... The advancement in technology has helped us move from big sized, heavy computers to small compact devices for use. Moving from vacuum tubes to transistors, to integrated circuits to microprocessors and finally to artificial intelligence. Each generation is marked by improvements in basic technology. These improvements in technology have been extraordinary and each advance has resulted in computers of lower cost, higher speed, greater memory capacity, and smaller size

  18. Thankyou Presenter Abhiraj singh Rajput

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