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Bronchial Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which leads to difficulty in breathing. Common symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Asthma can be triggered by various factors such as allergens, respiratory infections, exercise, and environmental pollutants. Management typically involves avoiding triggers, using inhaled medications like bronchodilators and corticosteroids, and monitoring symptoms to prevent exacerbations.

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Bronchial Asthma

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  1. ASTHMA

  2. Group “D” M. Ahmad Mansoor Abu-Baker M. Ahmad M. Ahmad Jameel Arkam Ali Rehan Hussain Abdullah Hammad Junaid Akram Nouman Ali M. Abdullah M. Shoaib Prepared By: M. Ahmad Mansoor Presented By : Abu-Baker

  3. Bronchial Asthma 01 Contents Table of Drugs of Bronchial Asthma 02

  4. Bronchial Asthma “Bronchial Asthma is defined as a Chronic inflammatory disorder of the “Bronchial Asthma is defined as a Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which manifests itself as recurrent episodes of wheezing, airways which manifests itself as recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough.” breathlessness, chest tightness and cough.” • •It is characterized by Bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction.

  5. Causes of Asthma 1. Genetic predisposition 2. Allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold) 3. Respiratory infections 4. Air pollution 5. Occupational exposure to irritants 6. Obesity 7. Diet 8. Exercise 9. Cold air

  6. Symptoms of Asthma 1. Shortness of breath 2. Chest tightness or pain 3. Wheezing (a whistling sound when exhaling) 4. Coughing 5. Trouble sleeping due to breathing problems

  7. CLASSIFICATION 1). Atopic/extrinsic/allergic (70%): • Most common type • Environmental agent: dust, pollen, food, animal dander • Family history - present • Serum IgE levels: Increased • Skin test with offending agent-wheal flare 2).Non-atopic/ intrinsic/non-allergic(30%) • Triggered by respiratory tract infection • Viruses - most common cause • Family history uncommon • IgE level normal • No associated allergy • Skin tests NEGATIVE • Cause- hyperirritability of bronchial tree

  8. CLASSIFICATION 3). Drug induced asthma • Several pharmacologic agents • Aspirin sensitive asthma • Increased bronchoconstrictor, leukotrienes. • Sensitive to small doses of aspirin. • Inhibits COX pathway, without affecting LPO pathway.

  9. APPROACHES TO TREATMENT 1. Prevention of AG:AB reaction: Avoidance of antigen, hypo sensitization-possible in extrinsic asthma and if antigen can be identified. 2. Neutralization of IgE (reaginic antibody): Omalizumab 3. Suppression of inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity: Corticosteroids. 4. Prevention of release of mediators: Mast cell stabilizers. 5. Antagonism of released mediators: Leukotriene antagonists, Antihistamines, PAF antagonists. 6. Blockade of constrictor neurotransmitter: Anticholinergics. 7. Mimicking dilator neurotransmitter: Sympathomimetics. 8. Directly acting bronchodilators: Methylxanthines.

  10. Drugs I. BRONCHODILATORS A. B2 Sympathomimetics: Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmeterol, Formoterol. B. Methylxanthines: Theophylline (anhydrous), Aminophylline, Choline theophyllinate, Hydroxyethyl theophylline, Theophylline ethanolate of piperazine, Doxophylline. C. Anticholinergics: Ipratropium bromide, Tiotropium bromide. II. LEUKOTRIENE ANTAGONISTS Montelukast, Zafirlukast. III. MAST CELL STABILIZERS Sodium cromoglycate, Ketotifen. IV. CORTICOSTEROIDS A. Systemic: Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone and others. B. Inhalational: Beclomethasone dipropionate, Budesonide, Fluticasone propionate, Flunisolide, Ciclesonide. V. ANTI-IgE ANTIBODY Omalizumab

  11. MECHANISM OF BRONCHODILATION

  12. MECHANISM OF LEUKOTRIENE ANTAGONISTS

  13. MECHANISM OF MAST CELL STABILIZERS

  14. MECHANISM OF CORTICOSTEROIDS

  15. MECHANISM OF CORTICOSTEROIDS

  16. MECHANISM OF ANTI-IgE ANTIBODY

  17. SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUG • Nervousness • Dizziness • Headache • Tremor • Weight gain • Dry mouth

  18. THANKS

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