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EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE

EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE. Chapter 7 Resources and Energy 7.1 Mineral Resources. 7.1 Mineral Resources Objectives. Explain what ores are and how they form. Identify four uses for mineral resources. Summarize two ways humans obtain mineral resources. Introduction.

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EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE

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  1. EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE Chapter 7 Resources and Energy 7.1 Mineral Resources

  2. 7.1 Mineral Resources Objectives • Explain what ores are and how they form. • Identify four uses for mineral resources. • Summarize two ways humans obtain mineral resources.

  3. Introduction • The Earth’s crust contains over 3,000 minerals that have taken millions of years to form. • Many of the minerals of the Earth’s crust are mined for human use. • Minerals can be metal (gold, copper, or aluminum, etc.) or non-metal (sulfur, talc, quartz, etc.). • Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity and are malleable and ductile.

  4. Ores • An ore is a mineral deposit from which a metal or nonmetal resource can be mined for a profit. • For example, one can mine hematite and limonite and extract the iron from them for a profit. • Metallic minerals that exist in the pure form in nature, such as copper, gold, and silver, are called native elements. • Ores can form in a variety of ways.

  5. Ore and Native Elements

  6. Cooling Magma • As magma cools, dense metallic minerals sink. • Layers of metallic minerals accumulate at the bottom of the magma chamber to form ore deposits. • Examples include chromium, nickel, and lead ores.

  7. Contact Metamorphism • Contact metamorphism is a process that occurs when magma comes into contact with existing rock. • The composition of the surrounding rock is changed by heat and chemical reactions with the hot fluids from the magma. • As hydrothermal fluids move through small cracks in large masses of rock, they can dissolve minerals from the surrounding rock.

  8. Contact Metamorphism • Over time, those minerals precipitate from the solution and form narrow zones of rock called veins. • Veins are often ores of valuable heavy minerals such as gold, tin, lead, and copper. • A lode is a relatively rich mineral deposit in a rock formation.

  9. Moving Water • As rocks break down from weathering, tiny fragments of native elements may be released. • Streams can carry these fragments until the current becomes too weak to carry the heavy metals. • These fragments become concentrated along the stream bottom in areas known as placer deposits due to the mechanical action of the stream.

  10. Uses of Mineral Resources • Some metals are prized for their beauty and rarity, such as gold, silver, and platinum. • Other metals are used as conductors in electronics such as copper or as structural material such as aluminum in airplanes. • Some minerals, like diamonds and emeralds, may be considered gemstones, material that can be used as ornament when cut or polished.

  11. Uses of Mineral Resources • Minerals such as calcite and gypsum may be used in building materials. • Sulfur is used in the manufacture of some antibiotics, gunpowder, and rubber.

  12. Resources • Hematite Streak - http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100/plots • Native Copper - http://www.nps.gov/kewe/CooperatingSites.htm • Native Gold - http://www.arizona-gold-prospecting.biz/ • Drywall - http://www.answers.com/topic/drywall

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