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Subject:. Principles of Sci. Date:. Sept 7, 2011. Today’s Topic. Classroom Rules /Graphing. Today’s Starter Question:. List three of the classroom rules:. Sit in your assigned seat Raise your hand and ask for permission to speak Be respectful to other students and the teacher

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  1. Subject: Principles of Sci Date: Sept 7, 2011 Today’s Topic Classroom Rules /Graphing Today’s Starter Question: List three of the classroom rules: Sit in your assigned seat Raise your hand and ask for permission to speak Be respectful to other students and the teacher Be in class on time Answer: Today’s Objectives: Write down and go over all vocabulary terms associated with “graphing” One: Two: Data, Jargon, Ordered Pair, Variable, X-Axis, Y-Axis, Unit, Data Table, Data Point, Intersection, Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  2. Wednesday, Sept 7, 2011 Notes Graphing DATA TABLE Jargon A specialized Vocabulary used to describe things in a specific field of study. Unit A word or symbol used in a data table that tells how the Information was measured. Data Information of Observations. Ordered Pair Two pieces of data directly corresponding to one another. Data Point The place where the two data lines cross (or intersect). Data Table A way to organize data in columns so it is neat and readable Title A brief way to describe the content of a book, graph, or data table Variable A word used in a data table to describe what information Is being collected

  3. Subject: Principles of Sci Date: Sept 7, 2011 Today’s Topic Classroom Rules /Graphing Summary Notes: Next Page Activity: 1. Pair up with another student. 2. Take one penny, flip it 5 times and record the number of times it lands on heads and tails 3. Then flip it 10 times, 15 times, 20 times and 25 times. 4. Record your data any way you like

  4. Subject: Principles of Sci Date: Sept 8, 2011 Today’s Topic Graphing Today’s Starter Question: In your own words, describe jargon and data: Answer: A specialized vocabulary used to describe things in a specific field of study: (Jargon) Information of observations: (Data) Today’s Objectives: One: Obtain an understanding of how to conduct analysis on collected data. Two: Three: Write a two paragraph analysis on the data collected Yesterday. Summary Notes: Next Page

  5. Subject: Principles of Sci Date: Sept 12, 2011 Today’s Topic Graphing Today’s Starter Question: Write the definitions for the following terms: Order Pair, Data Point, Data Table Answer: Two pieces of data directly corresponding to one another. The place where the two data lines cross (or intersect). A way to organize data in columns so it is neat and readable. Today’s Objectives: One: Make a chart that illustrates the Scientific Methods. Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  6. Subject: Principles of Sci Date: Sep 13, 2011 Today’s Topic Scientific Inquiry Today’s Starter Question: Write the steps to the Scientific Method in order. Answer: Observation, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion. Today’s Objectives: One: To increase the students’ abilities to better understand How to use the scientific method to solve problems Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  7. Friday, September 16, 2011 Test 1. A procedure that tests a hypothesis is a(n) ____________. 2. The group that is not altered in an experiment is the ____________. 3. The single change in the manipulated group in an experiment is a(n) __________________ . 4. The component of an experiment that is influenced by the single change is called _________________. 5. (a) _______________ may begin with an observation, which leads to a(n) (b)______________ that is tested by a(n) (c)______________ and, after many repetitions may result in a(n) (d) _______________. Words Hypothesis Scientific Methods Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Experiment Theory Note: You may use one word twice.

  8. Friday, September 16, 2011 Visualizing the Scientific Method ________________________ _________________________ __________________________ ___________________________ ____________________________ Form a Hypothesis Draw a Conclusion Hypothesis not Supported Compare the Results From Similar Experiments Additional Experimentation Based on accepted Hypothesis

  9. Monday, September 12, 2011 Observe an unexplained phenomenon Visualizing the Scientific Method Collect Information Make Observation Ask Questions Use Prior Knowledge Review Related Research Form a Hypothesis Conduct an experiment And record the data Actual Results Expected Results Repeat Experiment many Times until results Are consistent Refine and test an Alternate Hypothesis Draw a Conclusion Hypothesis Supported Hypothesis not Supported Report the Results of The Experiment Compare the Results From Similar Experiments Additional Experimentation Based on accepted Hypothesis Accepted Hypothesis

  10. Tuesday, September 13, 2011 Understanding Scientific Method Scientific Methods Scientific methods are used by scientists to answer questions and solve problems. development of the cell theory; one of the most useful theories in biological science, illustrates how the methods of science work. In 1665 Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork. Observation The first step toward scientific discovery takes place when a scientist observes Something no one has noticed before. Developing a hypothesis A hypothesis is a testable answer to a question. In 1824, Rene’ Dutrochet Hypothesized that cells are the basic unit of life. Collecting Data Data can support or disprove a hypothesis. Publishing Results Results of an experiment are useful only if they are made available to other Scientists.

  11. Tuesday, September 13, 2011 Understanding today’s Objectives Forming a Theory A theory is a hypothesis that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence. Developing a new Hypothesis A new theory may prompt scientists to ask new questions or form additional Hypotheses. In 1833, Robert Brown hypothesized that the nucleus is an Important control center of the cell. Revising the Theory Theories are revised as new information is gathered. The cell theory gave Biologists a start for exploring the basic structure and function of all life. Important discoveries, including the discovery of DNA, have resulted.

  12. Sept 14, 2011 Subject: Principles of Sci Date: Today’s Topic Graphing Today’s Starter Question: In your own words, describe , x-axis, Graph, y-axis and intersection: Answer: The axis that goes across the bottom of the graph A picture of information in a data table The axis that runs up and down the side of a graph The crossing of two lines when graphing. Today’s Objectives: One: Learn how to record data accurately. Then, build a data table. Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  13. Quiz #1 Wednesday, September 14, 2011 The axis that runs up and down the side of a graph. 1. Jargon Two pieces of data directly corresponding to one another. 2. Unit A picture of information in a data table. 3. Data 4. Ordered Pair A specialized Vocabulary used to describe things in a specific field of study. 5. Data Point 6. Data Table A word or symbol used in a data table that tells how the Information was measured. 7. Title 8. Variable A way to organize data in columns so it is neat and readable 9. Graph 10. Intersection A word used in a data table to describe what information Is being collected 11. Y-Axis 12. X-Axis The crossing of two lines when graphing. The axis that goes across the bottom of the graph. Information of Observations. The place where the two data lines cross (or intersect). A brief way to describe the content of a book, graph, or data table 1

  14. Quiz #1 Wednesday, September 14, 2011 Two pieces of data directly corresponding to one another. 1. Jargon A picture of information in a data table. 2. Unit A specialized Vocabulary used to describe things in a specific field of study. 3. Data 4. Ordered Pair 5. Data Point The axis that runs up and down the side of a graph. 6. Data Table A word or symbol used in a data table that tells how the Information was measured. 7. Title 8. Variable A way to organize data in columns so it is neat and readable 9. Graph 10. Intersection A word used in a data table to describe what information Is being collected 11. Y-Axis 12. X-Axis The crossing of two lines when graphing. The axis that goes across the bottom of the graph. Information of Observations. The place where the two data lines cross (or intersect). A brief way to describe the content of a book, graph, or data table 2

  15. Quiz #1 Wednesday, September 14, 2011 Two pieces of data directly corresponding to one another. 1. Jargon A picture of information in a data table. 2. Unit A specialized Vocabulary used to describe things in a specific field of study. 3. Data 4. Ordered Pair 5. Data Point The axis that runs up and down the side of a graph. 6. Data Table A brief way to describe the content of a book, graph, or data table 7. Title 8. Variable A way to organize data in columns so it is neat and readable 9. Graph 10. Intersection A word used in a data table to describe what information Is being collected 11. Y-Axis 12. X-Axis The crossing of two lines when graphing. The axis that goes across the bottom of the graph. Information of Observations. The place where the two data lines cross (or intersect). A word or symbol used in a data table that tells how the Information was measured. 3

  16. Subject: Date: Today’s Topic Principles of Sci Sept 15, 2011 Data Table Today’s Starter Question: In your own words, describe the difference between the independent and dependent variables. Answer: The single change in the manipulated group in an experiment (Independent) The component of an experiment that is influenced by the single change. (Dependent) Today’s Objectives: One: Learn how to record data accurately. Then, build a data table. Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  17. Subject: Date: Today’s Topic Principles of Sci Sept 19, 2011 Analysis Today’s Starter Question: In your own words, describe five things you intend to Include in your analysis of the experiment. Answer: Observation, Components of research, The Experiment Procedures, i.e. how the experiment was conducted. Analysis of the data collected, and Conclusion Today’s Objectives: One: Write an outline that illustrates the components of your report. Include notes regarding the required Inputs. Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  18. Outline 1. Observation: Notes: We looked at four different types of corn crops to determine which crop was least resistant to infestation. 2. Research: Notes: List the things that you found out about corn crops and infestation, whether it’s from on-line research, reading books, visit to library, asking questions etc….. 3. Form a Hypothesis: Notes: Your hypothesis should be based on what you thought would happen as a result of your research. 4. Conduct the Experiment: Notes: a. Include the Procedures b. Explain the data Collected c. Analyze the Data 5. Draw a Conclusion: Tell why one crop is more or less resistant than the other crops. It must be based on the facts and assumptions of your experiment. Use the Data that you collected

  19. Subject: Date: Today’s Topic Principles of Sci Sept 21, 2011 Experiment Report Today’s Starter Question: What were the independent and dependent variables for the corn infestation experiment? Explain the difference between them. Answer: The single change in the manipulated group in an experiment (Independent) The experimenter decides the conditions. The component of an experiment that is influenced by the single change. (Dependent) Influenced by the experimenter’s decision. Today’s Objectives: One: Complete your report that explains the virtual lab we conducted regarding resistance to infestation of the European Corn Borer on four different corn crops: BT 123, BT456, Super Harvest, and Golden Crop Non BT. Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  20. Subject: Date: Today’s Topic Principles of Sci Sept 22, 2011 Experiment Report Today’s Starter Question: Prepare to make an outstanding presentation. Answer: Your presentation must cover five paragraphs: Observation, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment…. Procedures, Data Collected, Analysis of the Data, and Conclusion. Today’s Objectives: One: Present your report that explains the virtual lab we conducted regarding resistance to infestation of the European Corn Borer on four different corn crops: BT 123, BT456, Super Harvest, and Golden Crop Non BT. Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  21. Subject: Date: Today’s Topic Principles of Sci Sept 23, 2011 Experiment Report Today’s Starter Question: Prepare to make an outstanding presentation, and complete all Make-up work. Explain control group and experimental group. Study the vocabulary words that we conducted an assessment on, 14 Sep 11 and 16 Sep 11; scientific inquiry terms and scientific methods Answer: The control is the standard by which the tested results can be compared. The group receiving the independent variable to see how it affects the outcome of the experiment Today’s Objectives: One: Gain an understanding the steps within an experiment. testing the Hypothesis Variables dependent independent Constants and controls Analysis data Drawing Conclusion Being objective Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  22. Thursday, September 15, 2011 Data Table Chamber 1 Chamber 2 Chamber 1 Chamber 2 GP1 GP2 GP3 GP1 GP2 GP3 GP1 GP2 GP3 GP1 GP2 GP3 BT 123 BT 456 L I 178.0 172.0 174.6 (174.8) L I 164.0 162.0 168.3 (164.7) H I 157.3 157.8 154.0 (156.4) H I 155.1 163.0 163.4 (160.5) N I 164.1 164.3 161.4 (163.1) 161.1 168.1 164.8 164.7 (165.8) 163.6 N I Super Harvest Non BT Crop Golden Non BT Crop 154.1 155.8 157.5 (154.1) L I 177.4 176.2 178.0 (177.2) L I 125.5 124.0 138.0 (129.2) H I 135.4 134.0 138.3 (135.9) H I 182.0 182.0 184.0 (182.6) 165.2 164.1 164.3 161.4 (163.3) 148.9 N I N I

  23. Scientific Inquiry Metrics First Period Presentation 100 Points 10 points 10 points 10 points 50 points 20 points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Brown Javonte 10 10 10 50 20 100 Harris Brianna 10 10 10 40 15 85 Smith Stephon 10 10 10 40 15 85 Williams Acazhia 10 10 10 40 15 85 Burris Brian 10 10 10 40 20 90 HammnndKerion 10 10 10 40 10 80 Prater Treevon 10 10 10 40 10 80 Mack Jessica 10 10 10 50 20 100 Clark Scott 10 10 10 40 10 80 Harmon DeMario 10 10 10 45 20 95 Wright shaquile 10 10 10 40 15 85 Smith Darquisha 10 10 10 40 15 85

  24. Scientific Inquiry Metrics Second Period What Happened 50 Points Presentation 100 Points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Tate Romanetta 10 10 10 40 20 90 20 10 50 100 Hooker Makalia 10 10 Jefferies Arica 10 10 10 40 15 85 Spencer Cortez 10 10 10 45 15 90 Slaughter Bria 10 10 10 45 15 90 Robinson Trenese 10 10 10 40 15 85 Wills Dallas 10 10 5 40 15 80 Elliott Ariana 10 10 10 50 20 100 Bowman Kiana 10 10 10 40 20 90 Ross Tameesha 10 10 10 40 20 90 Tally Demonte 10 10 10 50 20 100 Smith Arlandra 10 10 10 50 20 100

  25. Scientific Inquiry Metrics Fourth Period What Happened 50 Points Presentation 100 Points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Rogers Kiana 10 10 10 45 10 85 Williams Dionna 10 10 10 45 10 85 Fenderson Tiffany 10 10 10 45 10 85 Johnson alexanderia 10 10 10 45 10 85 Thompson Aza 10 10 10 45 10 85 Cook Kenya 10 10 10 40 10 80 Holder Walter 10 10 10 45 10 85 Jones arianna 10 10 10 45 15 90 Slaughter Lanisha 10 10 10 45 15 90 Davis Raishaundas 10 10 10 50 20 100 Duckworth Danielle 0 10 10 45 10 75 BeaneDarrion 10 10 10 50 20 100 Graham Jaquonna 10 10 10 50 20 100 Donaby Cameron 10 10 10 50 20 100 10 Johnson Sylvester 10 10 40 20 90

  26. Scientific Inquiry Metrics Fourth Period What Happened 50 Points Presentation 100 Points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion McCaster Kyla 10 10 10 50 20 100 Donaby Cameron 10 10 10 50 20 100

  27. Scientific Inquiry Metrics Fifth Period What Happened 50 Points Presentation 100 Points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Howard Marva 10 5 10 45 20 90 Holman Saul 10 10 10 50 20 100 Coleman Antoneisha 10 10 10 50 20 100 Taylor Kenesha 10 10 10 50 20 100 Raper Xavier 10 10 10 40 20 90 Paraham Jonathan 10 10 10 40 20 90 Rogers Adrian 10 10 10 50 15 95 Phipps dontasya 10 10 10 50 15 95 Collins Monique 10 10 10 50 15 95 Anthony Claretha 10 10 10 50 15 95 Kennedy Dominic 10 10 10 50 15 95 Towns Jaronn 10 10 10 50 15 95 Garner Keith 10 10 10 40 20 90 Woodard Gloria 10 10 10 40 15 85 Bradley Ravion 10 10 10 40 15 85

  28. Scientific Inquiry Metrics Fifth Period What Happened 50 Points Presentation 100 Points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Payne Shakyra 10 10 10 40 20 90 Martin elicia 10 10 10 40 20 90 Hughes Demonie 10 10 10 40 20 90 Reuben Dent 0 0 0 0 0 00

  29. Scientific Inquiry Metrics Seventh Period What Happened 50 Points Presentation 100 Points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Coates Alyia 10 10 10 50 20 100 Davis darian 10 10 10 45 10 85 Rogers Ajae 10 10 10 45 15 90 Munson Breeuna 95 10 10 10 45 20 Cox Sidney 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fenton Miracle 0 0 0 0 0 0 McGaryDemonte 0 0 0 0 0 0 CulmerLavonte 90 10 10 10 40 20 MeitzenheimerDarrie 0 0 0 0 0 0 Brown Chantel 0 0 0 0 0 0 CulmerLavonte 90 10 10 10 40 20

  30. Scientific Inquiry Metrics First Period What Happened 50 Points Presentation 100 Points Observation Name Research Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion Carlos Coleman

  31. Subject: Date: Today’s Topic Principles of Sci Sept 26, 2011 Experiment Report Today’s Starter Question: Explain the difference between a theory and a scientific law. A theory is an explanation of things or events based on knowledge gained From many observations and investigations. Answer: A scientific law is a statement about what happens in nature and that seems To be true all the time. Laws tell you what will happen under certain conditions, but they don’t explain why or how something happens. Today’s Objectives: One: Learn the steps within an experiment. Two: Three: Summary Notes: Next Page

  32. Subject: Date: Sept 27- 11 Today’s Topic Principles of Science SI Units Today’s Starter Question: Why do you think we use the SI for the standards worldwide? Answer: To keep all research consistent all around the world. Today’s Objectives: Learn SI base units. One: Learn prefixes used with SI units Two: Learn how to recognize and determine significant digits Three: SI Based Units. Base quantity Base Unit Symbol Length meter m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Temperature kelvin K Amount of Substance mole mol Electric current ampere A Luminous candela cd Summary Notes: Next Page

  33. Subject: Date: Sept 27- 11 Today’s Topic Principles of Science SI Units Today’s Starter Question: Write the symbols for the following base quantities: Length, Mass, Time, Temperature, Amount of Substance,Electric Current Luminous Intensity. Answer: m, kg, s, K, mol, A, cd Today’s Objectives: “Continued:” Learn prefixes used with SI units One: Learn how to recognize and determine significant digits Two: Three: Prefixes Used with SI Units Prefix Symbol Multiplier Scientific Notation Example femto f 0.000000000000001 10 -15 femtosecond (fs) pico p 0.000000000001 10 -12 picometer (pm) nano n 0.000000001 10 -9 nanometer (nm) micro µ 0.000001 10 -6 microgram (µg) milli m 0.001 10 -3 milliamps (mA) -2 centi c 0.01 10 centimeter (cm) deci d 0.1 10 -1 deciliter (dL) 3 kilo k 1000 10 kilometer (km) mega M 1,000,000 10 6 megagram (Mg) 9 giga G 1,000,000,000 10 gigameter (Gm) tera T 1,000,000,000,000 10 12 terahertz (THz)

  34. Thursday, September 29, 2011 Quiz #2 Name___________________________ Class Period___________________ • What makes an experiment valid? ______________________________________________________________ . • Which is a larger number, a nanosecond or a picosecond? _______________________ . • Circle the least precise number between the following numbers. 15.2, 15.02, 15.321 or 1.0456. • 0.0000000052 equals ten to which power if written as a scientific notation ______________ . • Write the symbols for the prefixes micro and nano respectively._____________ _____________ . • The prefix micro has a multiplier of 100, 1000, 10,000, or 1,000,000. (Circle one) • The prefix giga has a multiplier of 1,000,000,000, 1,000,000, 10,000, or 1,000,000,000,000. (circle one) • How many significant digits are in 5.3075 ___________ ? • How many significant digits are in 453.0592 ____________ ? • Write the correct answer to the following equation 3.55 X 25 X 7 = _________ ? (use calculator) • Why is a hypothesis considered to be an educated guess? ________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________________________________ • Which number is bigger between the following two numbers 10³ or 10,000? (circle one) • Which prefix represents the smallest number of the following five, milli, pico, nano, femto or centi? (circle one) • What is the base unit for the base quantity “Mass”____________ ? • What is the base unit for the base quantity “Luminous Intensity” ____________ ?

  35. Thursday, September 29, 2011 Test#1 Name___________________________ Class Period___________________ Match Orderly, direct information gathering about a natural phenomenon. An experiment that contains a control group and an experimental group. Experimental Group 16. Data 17. Information gained from observation Peer Review 18. Analysis A process by which in science, the procedures used during an experiment and the results are evaluated by other scientists who are in the same field or conducting similar research. 19. Controlled Experiment 20. Control Group 21. In an experiment, the group not receiving the factor being tested. Hypothesis 22. An examination of the parts to determine the status of the whole. Observation 23. A testable explanation of a situation. The group exposed to the factor being tested Measurements quantify our _________________ . 24. 25. A measurement is a comparison between an unknown quantity and a ___________________ . 26. The precision of a measurement is one half the smallest division of the _________________ . Word Bank Two point calibration Instrument Observation Standard Accuracy thousandth A measure of 67.100 g is precise to the nearest ______________ of a gram. 27. _____________ describes how well the results of a measurement agree with the “real” value; that is the accepted value as measured by competent experimenters 28. 29. A common method for checking the accuracy of an instrument is called the ____________________.

  36. Scientific Notation First Period 243,500,000,000 0.000000001 - 9 11 2.435 X 10 1.0 X 10 0.0000000231 0.00030007 - 4 - 8 3.0007 X 10 2.31 X 10

  37. Scientific Notation First Period Precision is less precise than 30.0 m 30.01 and 30.01 is less precise than 30.001 5 X 10.3 = 51.5 The answer has to be 52 Because 5 is the least precise number in the equation

  38. Scientific Notation First Period Precision

  39. Thursday, September 29, 2011 Quiz #2 Name___________________________ Class Period___________________ • What makes an experiment valid? _____________________________________________________ . • Which is a larger number, a nanosecond or a picosecond? _______________________ . • Circle the least precise number between the following numbers. 15.2, 15.02, 15.321 or 1.0456. • 0.0000000052 equals ten to which power if written as a scientific notation ______________ . • Write the symbols for the prefixes micro and nano respectively._____________ _____________ . • The prefix micro has a multiplier of 100, 1000, 10,000, or 1,000,000. (Circle one) • The prefix giga has a multiplier of 1,000,000,000, 1,000,000, 10,000, or 1,000,000,000,000. (circle one) • 8. Write the correct answer to the following equation 3.55 X 25 X 7 = _________ ? (use calculator) • 9. Which number is bigger between the following two numbers 10³ or 10,000? (circle one) • Which prefix represents the smallest number of the following five: milli, pico, nano, femto or • centi? (circle one) • 11. What is the base unit for the base quantity “Mass”____________ ? • 12. What is the base unit for the base quantity “Luminous Intensity” ____________ ?

  40. Thursday, September 29, 2011 Quiz #2 Name___________________________ Class Period___________________ • What makes an experiment valid? ______________________________________________________________ . • Which is a larger number, a nanosecond or a picosecond? _______________________ . • Circle the least precise number between the following numbers. 15.2, 15.02, 15.321 or 1.0456. • 0.0000000052 equals ten to which power if written as a scientific notation ______________ . • Write the symbols for the prefixes micro and nano respectively._____________ _____________ . • The prefix micro has a multiplier of 100, 1000, 10,000, or 1,000,000. (Circle one) • The prefix giga has a multiplier of 1,000,000,000, 1,000,000, 10,000, or 1,000,000,000,000. (circle one) • How many significant digits are in 5.3075 ___________ ? • How many significant digits are in 453.0592 ____________ ? • Write the correct answer to the following equation 3.55 X 25 X 7 = _________ ? (use calculator) • Why is a hypothesis considered to be an educated guess? ________________________________________ • _______________________________________________________________________________________________ • Which number is bigger between the following two numbers 10³ or 10,000? (circle one) • Which prefix represents the smallest number of the following five, milli, pico, nano, femto or centi? (circle one) • What is the base unit for the base quantity “Mass”____________ ? • What is the base unit for the base quantity “Luminous Intensity” ____________ ?

  41. Subject: Date: Sept. 29, 2011 Today’s Topic Scientific Notation Principles of Science Today’s Starter Question: Identify the significant digits in the following numbers: 0.089, 5.3098, 78.10001, 4.21, 3.1 Answer: 2, 5, 7, 3, 2 Today’s Objectives: One: Distinguish between accuracy and precision. Two: Determine the precision of measured quantities. Three: Measurements quantify our observation. A measurement is a comparison between an unknown quantity and a standard. The degree of exactness of a measurement is called its precision. The precision of a measurement is one half the smallest division of the instrument. Summary Notes: Next Page

  42. Subject: Date: Sept. 28, 2011 Today’s Topic Scientific Notation Principles of Science Today’s Starter Question: Identify the significant digits in the following numbers: 0.089, 5.3098, 78.10001, 4.21, 3.1 Answer: 2, 5, 7, 3, 2 Today’s Objectives: “Continued” One: Distinguish between accuracy and precision. Two: Determine the precision of measured quantities. Three: A measure of 67.100 g is precise to the nearest thousandth of a gram. Accuracy describes how well the results of a measurement agree with the “real” value; that is the accepted value as measured by competent experimenters A common method for checking the accuracy of an instrument is called the two point calibration. Does the instrument read 0 when it should and secondly give a correct reading when it is measuring an accepted standard Summary Notes: Next Page

  43. Sept. 30, 2011 Scientific Notation Subject: Date: Today’s Topic Principles of Science Today’s Starter Question: In your own words, explain the difference between multiplying and dividing using scientific notation Answer: The main difference is the fact that you will add the exponents when multiplying and you will subtract the exponent of the divisor from the exponent of the dividend when you divide Today’s Objectives: One: Obtain an understanding of how to multiply and divide using scientific notation. Multiply the values of M and add the exponents n. Multiply the units. Two: 3 11 3 + 11 = (4 X 5) X 10 kg.m Example: (4 X 10 kg) (5 X 10 m) Three: 14 = 20 X 10 kg.m 15 = 2.0 X 10 kg.m Divide the value of M and subtract the exponent of the divisor from the exponent of the dividend. 6 3 8 X 10 m 2 X 10 m 8 2 Example: 6 – (-3) 3 - 2 = X 10 m -3 2 9 = 4 X 10 m Summary Notes: Next Page

  44. Scientific Notation First Period Practice Multiplying and Dividing using Scientific Notation 4 9 4 + 9 (6 X 10 kg) (6 X 10 m) (6 X 6) X Kg.m = 10 13 = 36 Kg.m X 10 14 X 10 Kg.m = 3.6

  45. Scientific Notation First Period Practice Multiplying and Dividing using Scientific Notation 8 4 9 X 10 m 9 - 4 4 2 8 - = 10 m X 4 2 m 3 3 X 10 2 4 X m = 3 10

  46. Multiplying and Divding Scientific Notation Subject: Date: Oct. 3, 11 Today’s Topic Principles of Science Today’s Starter Question: 4 5 Work the following problem: (5 X 10 kg) (3 X 10 m) 4 + 5 Answer: = (5 X 3) X 10 kg.m 9 = 15 X 10 kg.m 10 = 1.5 X 10 kg.m Today’s Objectives: One: Gain an understanding of how to add and subtract using the scientific notation: You can not add or subtract unlike terms. Two: Three: Practice the problems on the following pages to secure a complete understanding of how to add and subtract using scientific notation. Summary Notes: Next Page

  47. Scientific Notation First Period Practice Adding and Subtracting using Scientific Notation 9 8 9 9.0 X 10 kg + 7.0 X 10 kg Currently, these two terms are not alike in regard to scientific notation. The exponents are not the same In order to make the exponents the same Move the decimal one digit to the left. This causes the exponent to rise by 1 9 kg 0.9 X 10 Now, rewrite the equation like this This is the correct answer. 9 Make sure you line the decimals up 7.0 10 kg X 7.9 X kg 10 Now, simply add the bases and leave the exponents as is 9

  48. Scientific Notation All Periods: Practice Adding and Subtracting using Scientific Notation 8 8 6 9.0 X 10 kg - 7.0 X 10 kg Currently, these two terms are not alike in regard to scientific notation. The exponents are not the same In order to make the exponents the same Move the decimal two digits to the left. This causes the exponent to rise by 2 8 kg 9.0 X 10 Now, rewrite the equation like this This is the correct answer. 8 Make sure you line the decimals up - 0.07 10 kg X Now, simply subtract the bases and leave the exponents as is 8.93 X kg 10 8

  49. Multiplying and Divding Scientific Notation Subject: Date: Oct. 4, 11 Today’s Topic Principles of Science Today’s Starter Question: 5 4 Work the following problem: 5.0 X 10 kg + 3.0 X 10 kg 5 Answer: kg = 5.0 X 10 + 5 0.3 X kg 10 This is the correct answer 5 kg 5.3 X 10 Today’s Objectives: One: Learn how to convert related SI units: Standard: A standard is an exact quantity that people agree to use to compare measurements. Two: Three: Measurement: The dimensions, capacity, or amount of something. The international system of units, which is used to keep research consistent around the world. SI: Volume: The amount of space occupied by an object is called its volume. Mass: A measurement of quantity of matter in an object. Density; Is the mass per unit volume of a material. Summary Notes: Next Page

  50. Converting SI Units All Periods A conversion factor is a ratio that is equal to one and is used to change One unit to another. For Example, There are 1,000 mL in 1 L, so 1,000 mL = 1 L. If both sides this equation are divided by 1 L, the equation becomes: 1,000 mL = 1 1L To convert units, you multiply by the appropriate conversion factor. For Example, To convert 1.255 L to mL, multiply 1.255 L by a conversion factor. Use the conversion factor with new units (mL) in the numerator (on top), and the old units (L) in the denominator (on bottom). 1,000 mL = 1.255 L X 1,255 mL 1L Do all conversions using this concept.

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