Nov. 22, 2011

1. L.O.: Students will be able to explain the major changes to Upper and Lower Canada from 1815-1838. • Community Chat + Test Discussion • PPT Notes • Work Period • HW: Changes in UC/LC Worksheet; Read Pgs 1-3 Newspaper; Chapter 7 Vocab due. Nov 28 Nov. 22, 2011

2. Changes To Upper and Lower Canada • What important changes took place in Upper and Lower Canada from 1815 – 1838?

3. Key Vocabulary • Canadian- • English speaking person living in Canada • Canadien- • French speaking person living in Canada • Immigrant • a person who leaves his/her country to live in another country • Great Migration • 1815-1840 many immigrants from Great Britain moved to Upper Canada • Timber • Wood that has been cut down; lumber • Potash • Ash from burnt wood • Mast • Pole on a ship that holds the sail • Sawmill • Factory that cuts wood into smaller pieces

4. Upper and Lower Canada Changes • Following the War of 1812, both Upper and Lower Canada experienced population explosion (growth). • This occurred because of: • LC - High birth rate among French-speaking people • UC experienced a wave of settlers from Great Britain • Increased the population from 70 000 to 430 000 • This was called: The Great Migration

5. The Great Migration1815-1850 Where Did All the People Come From and Why?

6. What was the Great Migration? • New people to Canada because of bad conditions in Europe • Economic changes in Europe led to huge increase in population • Many people were poor • Idea was to send the poor people to Canada

7. Causes – Push & Pull • Scottish Highlanders (Tenant Farmers) • Landlords replaced them with sheep to supply new factories with wool • English workers replaced by the Industrial Revolution (machines taking over the jobs of Artisans – skilled workers) • Irish Potato Famine 1845-9 • Crops destroyed by disease • Irish left because of poverty and hunger

8. Coffin Ships • These new comers forced into ships; these ships used to transport timber; lasted from 20 days to 2 months • Irish immigrants fell ill with cholera in filthy ships (steerage, overcrowded, no bathroom, no air, rats, bad food) • In 1847, 17 000 of the 100 000 Irish died of sickness on the way ; by 1860 the majority of English-speaking were Irish • Before arriving in Quebec City or Montreal, all ships had to stop first at a place called Grosse Isle, where sick passengers were removed from the ship and cared for– this was called quarantine

9. Images of Hope

10. D. Great Migration Recap • A great many people left their homes in Britain and other counties of Europe.  • Economic conditions in Britain and most of Europe were poor in the years after 1815.  • There was a great deal of unemployment, made worse by the growing use of machines during the Industrial Revolution.  • Many of the migrants leaving Britain and Europe from 1815 to 1850 came to Canada.  • Sixty percent of these immigrants to Canada were British.  This made them the largest cultural group in Canada.   • Several immigrant groups had established themselves in Atlantic Canada by 1861.  • The main groups were British, French, and German, but there were also American Loyalists.  • A significant Black population had created a community in Nova Scotia.

11. The Underground Railroad

14. Henry Box Brown

15. Harriett Tubman

17. Routes to Freedom

18. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

19. THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

20. Other Changes • In addition to changes to the population, there were 2 other major changes between 1815 and 1838 • The Timber Trade • The End of Competition in the Fur Trade

21. HOMEWORK • Changes in UC & LC Worksheet • Read Pgs. 1-3 in Newspaper • Chapter 7 Vocabulary due Nov. 28 (next Monday)