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Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases. Bond Moments and Dipole Moments Formal Charge Resonance Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Lewis Acid/Base. Bonding Pattens for C, N, and O. Quick Review. Common Cationic, Neutral and Anionic Forms. Pauling Electronegativity Scale.

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Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

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  1. Polar Covalent Bonds;Acids and Bases Bond Moments and Dipole Moments Formal Charge Resonance Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Lewis Acid/Base

  2. Bonding Pattens for C, N, and O

  3. Quick Review

  4. Common Cationic, Neutral and Anionic Forms

  5. Pauling Electronegativity Scale

  6. Electronegativity TrendsAbility to Attract the Electrons in a Covalent Bond

  7. Electrostatic Potential MapCholormethane

  8. Opposite polarity in CH3Li

  9. Methanol

  10. Dipole Moment (m) is sum of the Bond Moments

  11. Nonpolar CompoundsBond Moments Cancel Out

  12. NCl3 and BCl3

  13. Nitromethane has 2 Formal Charges

  14. Both Resonance Structures Contribute to the Actual Structure

  15. Dipole Moment reflects Both Resonance Structures

  16. Curved Arrow Formalism Shows flow of electrons

  17. Resonance Rules • Cannot break single (sigma) bonds • Only electrons move, not atoms 3 possibilities: • Lone pair of e- to adjacent bond position • Forms p bond - p bond to adjacent atom - p bond to adjacent bond position

  18. Resonance Stabilization of IonsPositve charge is “delocalized”

  19. Definitions of Acids/Bases

  20. Dissociation in H2OArrhenius Acid forms H3O+Bronsted-Lowry Acid donates a H+

  21. Reaction Described with Arrows

  22. Lewis Acids and Bases

  23. Equilibrium Reactions

  24. Measuring Acid StrengthKa

  25. Acid Strength defined by pKa

  26. Resonance in Acetate Anion

  27. Resonance Stabilization

  28. The Effect of Resonance on pKa

  29. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

  30. Propanol is a Base

  31. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

  32. Propanol is an Acid

  33. Some Acid-Base Reactions

  34. What if there are no acidic protons?

  35. Lewis Base = NucleophileLewis Acid = Electrophile

  36. Functional groups

  37. Functional groups determine chemistry

  38. What will most likely happen if I add Br2?

  39. What will most likely happen if I add HCl?

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