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U.S. History 8 Mrs. Lefler

Early Explorers to the New World. U.S. History 8 Mrs. Lefler. Portugal Leads the way in Exploration. Henry the Navigator: Leader of Exploration for Portugal. Creates school for navigation and map making. Funds sea expeditions. Portuguese Explorers.

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U.S. History 8 Mrs. Lefler

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  1. Early Explorers to the New World U.S. History 8 Mrs. Lefler

  2. Portugal Leads the way in Exploration

  3. Henry the Navigator: Leader of Exploration for Portugal. Creates school for navigation and map making. Funds sea expeditions.

  4. Portuguese Explorers • Bartolomeu Dias Rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488 to get to spice Islands. • Vasco da Gama sails from Portugal to India.

  5. Spain and Portugal Divide the World

  6. Why Did Columbus Attempt a New Route? Pirates in the Mediterranean Cut out the middle man in trade Wealth and riches

  7. Who funded his expedition? Queen Isabel and King Fernando of Spain Their interests were better, faster trade routes

  8. Christopher Columbus Credited for Discovery of the New World Never reached the mainland of North America Explored the Caribbean

  9. Columbus’ Great Discoveries • Uncharted lands • Friendly Natives • Natural Resources • Gold

  10. Effect of Columbus on the Indians • War with Arawak (Taino) • Start of European slave trade of Indian People • Extinction of the Arawak

  11. This Discovery of a new route set off A race to the west from europe • Spain • Portugal • France • England

  12. Spanish Explorers • Penetrated North America from the south, through the Caribbean, Florida, and mexico

  13. Amerigo Vespucci1501-1502 • Italian born but sailed for Spain • First person to realize that Americas separate from Asian continent • America named for him in 1507 • Explored the West Indies and Atlantic coast as far north as Cape Hatteras (off coast of North Carolina)

  14. Ponce de Leon1513 • Spanish explorer • Sailed widely in the Caribbean • Legend says he searched for the Fountain of Youth

  15. Juan Ponce De Leon • Best known for discovering Florida in 1513 • Founded a successful settlement in Puerto Rico

  16. Ponce de Leon and Indians • Set up trade with Calusa Indians • Eight years later, Ponce de Leon was Attacked by Calusa Indians • Died from a wound from Indian arrow on his second expedition

  17. Vasco Nunez de Balboa1513 • 1st European to see eastern part of Pacific Ocean • Sailed for Spain • Crossed the Isthmus of Panama overland

  18. Effect on Indians • Makes alliances with Native Americans • Uses Indian bearers to carry supplies as he explores

  19. Hernan Cortes1519 • Spanish adventurer • Conquistador • Increased wealth of Spain through trade of gold, silver, tobacco, cacao beans, and more. • Claimed Mexico for Spain 1519-1521

  20. Cortez’s Effect on Indians • Montezuma greets Cortez with gifts. Cortez takes him prisoner. • Native peoples often forced to accept Christianity • Brought smallpox, measles, and mumps. • Many forced into mines in search of gold and silver • Aztec empire destroyed

  21. Francisco Pizarro1531-1533 • Spanish Conquistador • “Discovered” the Incan Empire • Conquered and destroyed the Incans of Peru taking gold, silver, and treasures making Spain wealthy

  22. Pizarro’s Exploration

  23. Pizarro’s effect on the Incan Empire • Captures leader Atahuallpa • Promises to give Pizarro a room of gold and a room of silver. • Pizarro promises his freedom • Pizarro accepts his gifts, then sentences him to death.

  24. Pizarro’s effect on Inca Empire • Inca temples and cities were destroyed and replaced by Spanish churches and cities. • Diseases decreased the population. • Destroyed Inca Empire

  25. De Soto1539-1542 • Spanish Explorer • Explored Florida and southeastern U.S. in search of gold. Claimed for Spain • First European to reach Mississippi River. • Died of fever. Buried on banks of Mississippi River • His journals provide valuable information on the Native peoples.

  26. De Soto Seeing the Mississippi River for the First time

  27. Hernando de Soto’s Effect on Indians • Burned villages • Conflict with numerous Southeast tribes. • Takes tribal leaders hostage to coerce help

  28. Francisco Coronado1540-1542 • Explored North American Southwest: AZ, NM, TX, OK, KS • Searched for 7 Golden Cities • Found no gold, silver, or treasures

  29. Coronado Searches for 7 Cities of Gold

  30. Ferdinand Magellan1519-1522 • Portuguese explorer who sailed for Spain • Led first expedition around the earth • Searching for a westward passage from Spain to the Spice Islands • Named the Pacific Ocean

  31. Magellan’s effect on Indians of Philippines • Magellan attempts to convert natives to Christianity • Mactan Tribe refuses. • Magellan burns village to ground • Magellan killed by natives with poison tipped arrows and spears.

  32. French Explorers • Advanced from the northeast, along the St. Lawrence River, the Great Lakes, the Ohio River, and the Mississippi with some penetration north westward from the Gulf coast.

  33. Giovanni da Verrazzano1524 • Italian born. Sailed for France • Explored the northeast coast of North America from N.C. to Maine • Searched for Northwest Passage • Eaten by Carib Indians

  34. Jacques Cartier1535 • French explorer • 3 expeditions to Canada • Searching for Northwest passage • Explored St. Lawrence River and land bordering. • Paved way for French exploration and developed the fur trade.

  35. Contact with Indians for trade

  36. Samuel de Champlain • Known as the father of “New France” • Established French settlements in present day Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and eastern Maine • Founded Quebec City and put France on the path to an empire built on the fur trade.

  37. Champlain’s Effect on the Indians • Befriended the Huron • Introduced firearms to Indian warfare • Fought with Hurons against the Iroquois • Tribes needed guns to survive.

  38. English Explorers • English moved generally from the Atlantic coast westward, with activity in Arctic waters in search of the Northwest Passage

  39. John Cabot 1497 • Italian born • Sailed for King Henry of England • Searched for a faster route to Asia

  40. What did he discover? Newfoundland and rich fishing areas

  41. Sir Walter Raleigh • Founder of the Virginia colony. • His attempts to establish Roanoke failed • Paved the way for other English settlements.

  42. Henry Hudson • English born explorer that explored Arctic Ocean and Northeastern North America for the Netherlands and later England. • Discovered what is now New York City • Hudson Bay, Hudson River named after him

  43. What Happened to Hudson?

  44. Who searched for a new passage to Asia in 1492? Christopher Columbus

  45. What did Cabot discover? Newfoundland Rich fishing lands

  46. Who was the first person to realize a new world had been discovered? • Amerigo Vespucci

  47. Who is best known for discovering Florida? Ponce de Leon

  48. Who crossed the Isthmus of Panama to see the eastern side of the Pacific ocean? Balboa

  49. Who conquered the Aztec Empire and was responsible for Montezuma’s death? Cortes

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