Burglar & Fire Alarm Basics

1. Burglar & Fire Alarm Basics

2. Objectives • Understanding the basic Security and Fire Alarm system. • Understanding the Security system components. • Understanding zones and the different wiring configurations. • Understanding input and output devices. • Understanding system communications and devices. • Knowing what to have with you on site.

3. A Burglar Alarm… • Detects an entry, or the attempted entry, of intruders into a protected premises – then signals their presence to others either locally, remotely or both.

4. A Fire System… • Detects the activation of manual or automatic signal initiating devices, such as a pull station or smoke detector – then activates the alarm locally and remotely where required.

5. In Summary… Burglar Alarms Protect Property&Fire Alarms Protect Lives

6. Burglar Installation • Acts as a visible deterrent against • Burglary • Vandalism • Etc... • Provides “peace of mind” to users • On premises • Away from the premises • Helps to reduce insurance costs

7. Fire Installation • Warns of an abnormal condition i.e. fire, smoke, high heat, rising temp. • Notifies the premise occupants • Notifies fire department via central station connection when desired • May operate fire safety functions i.e. shut down A/C fans

8. Burglar & Fire Alarm BasicsSystem Components

9. System Components • Control panel • Keypads • Zones • Input devices (contacts, motion detectors, etc.) • Output devices (sirens, strobes, etc.)

10. The Control Panel • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Receives signals from initiation devices (contacts, motion detectors, smoke detectors etc.) and activates appropriate notification devices (dialer, sirens, strobes etc.) • Processes programmed instructions and reactions • Electrically monitors system wiring and primary power

11. The Control Panel • Programming Methods • Keypad programming • Enter data using an alpha keypad on site • Computer programming • Data sent using a computer, compass software and modem via phone line into the control panel’s memory • Data may also be sent to the control panel on site via “direct connection” on certain panel models via laptop computer

12. The Control Panel • Power Supply • Use an un-switched outlet less than 50 feet from the panel and run 18 gauge wire from the panel to the transformer. • 9-18 Volt Transformer • Step down transformer • Honeywell systems come with the correct transformer • Transformer may be verified by checking Summary of Connections diagram • Battery Backup • Supplies current for the sounding of bells, horns, etc. • Provides current during AC power outages • Fire systems require specific amounts of available backup time (controlled by local A.H.J.)

13. Keypads • An input device that allows user to • “Arm” or turn on the burglary portion • “Disarm” or turn off the burglary portion • “Bypass” or remove a portion of the system • In essence, control the system • Provides system status • Visually • Audibly

14. Burglar & Fire Alarm BasicsZones

15. What is a zone? • A detection circuit, or zone, is a specific part of the security system which is programmed to respond in a certain way to the presence of an intruder, fire, or other condition.

16. What is a zone? • Why do we use zones? • Individually programmable • Identifies the area & signal type (burg, fire) • Helps authorities respond more effectively • Simplifies troubleshooting & testing • Bypassing zones allows user to arm only part of the system

17. Zone Configurations • Hardwire • A zone input which is physically connected to the control panel • Soft Zone • A zone input that does not take a physical location, like a keypad zone or duress (Ambush) code • Wireless • A zone input originating in a self contained device with on board wireless transmitter and battery for power. • Panels that support wireless zones require a wireless receiver to pick up the signals and send them to the control panel for processing (some control panels have a receiver built in, others will require you to add one)

18. Zone Response Types • Perimeter, entry/exit • Normally the exterior • Doors, windows, glass break detectors, etc. • Interior • Space protection that may be bypassed as a group when users wish to arm the system but stay in the premise • Motion detectors, glass break detectors, etc. • Fire • 24 hour • Smoke or Heat detector • 24 Hour • Silent or Audible • Panic button, hold up button, medical button, etc.

19. Zone Conditions • Fault • Fault occurs when a zone changes state from its normal non-violated position (i.e. a normally closed contact opens – for example a door or window is opened). • An indication of the faulted zone will be displayed / annunciated on the control panel keypad. • Alarm • Alarm occurs when a fault happens on 24 hour zone or when the control panel is armed and the fault takes place on a burglary zone. • The control panel will activate alarm annunciation devices as programmed (sirens, bells, strobes, lights etc.). • The control panel may also communicate the alarm to a remote Central Station monitoring service.

20. Zone Conditions • Trouble • Trouble is activated when an abnormal condition occurs (i.e. loop resistance fluctuates beyond tolerances) • Trouble occurs most commonly on supervised loops • Typically a trouble condition will cause annunciation at the keypad and display of the zone in trouble • Trouble may optionally communicate to Central Station monitoring service on most control panels • Restore • Restore is the term used to indicate that the condition causing the Fault, Alarm, Trouble has cleared (i.e. the violated door/window has been closed, or the zone resistance problem has been corrected) • Restores may optionally be communicated to Central Station monitoring service on most control panels

21. Zone Conditions • Supervised Zone • A “supervised” zone is wired with a resistor (values differ) at the last device on that zone (this is known as End Of Line Resistor or EOLR) • The zone is then monitored by the control panel – if the resistance on the loop changes then a fault or alarm will occur based on that particular zones programming • Resistance may change because a protection device has been activated (i.e. a door is opened), or the wire run of that zone has been damaged or cut • Non-Supervised • A “non-supervised” zone has no resistor at the last device on the zone (no EOLR) • The control panel has no way to detect potential damage or tampering on the zone • Non-supervised style zones are not recommended

22. Zone Conditions • Ready • “Ready” refers to the state of a specific zone or the control panel as a whole • If a zone is ready there is no current fault, alarm or trouble condition on that zone • When the control panel is ready there are no current faults, alarm memories or trouble conditions on ANY of the zones • A control panel should be “ready” when arming

23. Wiring Basics • Types of zone loops • Normally closed • Normally closed EOLR (Supervised) • Normally open • Normally open EOLR (Supervised) • Ways to wire zone loops • Series • Parallel

24. Wiring Basics Normally Closed Circuit No End Of Line Resistor(EOLR) (un-supervised) • Zone must be closed for current to flow • If zone opens a fault / alarm occurs • All devices must be normally closed • Not recommended Neg (LOW) Pos (HIGH)

25. Wiring Basics Normally Closed Circuit With End Of Line Resistor(EOLR) (supervised) • Most common type of zone for burglar alarms • Proper resistance monitored by the control panel • Allows installer to combine normally open AND normally closed devices if necessary • Open OR short causes fault / alarm • Recommended Neg (LOW) Pos (HIGH)

26. Wiring Basics Normally Open Circuit No End Of Line Resistor(EOLR) (un-supervised) • Generally used for 24 hour zones • Short results in fault / alarm • Not recommended Neg (LOW) Pos (HIGH)

27. Wiring Basics Normally Open Circuit With End Of Line Resistor(EOLR) (supervised) • Most common type of zone for fire and other 24 hour devices • Proper resistance monitored by the control panel • Short causes fault / alarm • Open causes fault, alarm or trouble condition depending on the zone’s response type • Recommended Neg (LOW) Pos (HIGH)

28. Wiring Basics – Series Circuit Normally closed contacts shown Pos (HIGH) Neg (LOW)

29. Wiring Basics – Parallel Circuit Pos (HIGH) Normally open devices shown ALL fire devices should be wired this way Neg (LOW)

30. Burglar & Fire Alarm BasicsInput Devices

31. Input Devices – Burg • Monitor specific conditions within the system • Report status changes to the control panel • May be powered by the control panel or optional power supply • The “Eyes & Ears” of the system • Connected to the control panel using zones

32. Input Devices – Burg • Magnetic contacts • Passive Infra-red motion detectors • Also called P. I. R. • Dual technology motion detectors • Use infra-red AND microwave • Glass break detectors • Photoelectric beams • Wireless

33. Input Devices – Burg • Magnetic Contacts • A common cost effective means of protection • Used on any accessible opening • Proper alignment on installation is important • Classified by • Recessed or Surface Mounting • Size • Gap • Color • Normally Open • Normally Closed Mag Magnet

34. Input Devices – Burg • Passive Infrared motion detectors • Require power from control panel / alternate source • A variety of coverage patterns are available • Use infra-red technology to detect movement • Avoid • Direct sunlight or white light • Heating systems • Sources of air movement • Mount so that movement is across detection pattern • Be certain to mount at the proper height (see motion detector’s installation instructions) • ALWAYS walk test a motion detector • P.I.R.s may require masking

35. Input Devices – Burg • Dual Technology Motions • Require power from control panel / alternate source • A variety of coverage patterns are available • Use Infra-red AND Microwave to detect movement • Both sensing modes must trip for alarm activation • Lowers false alarms due to environment • Be certain to mount at the proper height (see motion detector’s installation instructions) • ALWAYS walk test a motion detector • P.I.R. may require masking • Microwave output must be adjusted (will penetrate walls etc.)

36. Input Devices – Burg • Glass Break Detectors • Require separate power from the control panel / alternate source • Used for perimeter glass breakage detection • May protect several windows at the same time • Follow instructions for proper placement • ALWAYS test your glass break detectors with an approved glass break simulator (for recommended simulator and testing guidelines see installation instructions that come with the glass break detector)

37. Characteristics of breaking glass Breaking glass produces waves of sound Amplitude Pitch Duration Sound varies and depends on size and type of glass Room acoustics effect sound waves Curtains, blinds, furniture can block sound Very large rooms have little reflective sound Input Devices - Burg

38. Types of Glass Break Detectors Audio switch Simple microphone that picks up loud noises Non discriminating Audio discriminators Advanced technology Senses Forced Entry (Breaking Glass, Splintering Wood) Combination Sensors Shock & Audio Flex Sensors Input Devices - Burg

39. Input Devices – Burg • Photoelectric Beams • Requires both a transmitter and a receiver • Transmitter and receiver powered by control panel / alternate source • Single, Dual and Quad configurations available • Avoid direct sunlight or white light Receiver Transmitter Signal Blocked

40. Input Devices – Wireless • Wireless (Radio Frequency – RF) • Wireless input devices may also communicate with control panel (most Honeywell systems) • Requires • Receiver and Transmitters • Options • Supervised or Non-supervised • Single or Multi-zoned

41. Input Devices Initiating Devices • Fire • Automatic • Smoke Detectors • Heat Detectors • Water Flow Switches • Property • Temperature Detectors

42. Input Devices – Fire AutomaticInitiating Devices • Smoke Detectors • Photoelectric models • Works with light scattering principle • Contains light and photosensitive sensor • During normal operation - light does not fall on sensor • Smoke in chamber causes light to reflect onto the photoelectric-eye, causing an alarm condition • Ionization models • Small amount of radioactive material ionizes chamber • Current flows in chamber due to ionized air particles • Smoke decreases conductivity, causing alarm condition

43. Input Devices – Fire Automatic Initiating Devices • Heat Detectors • May be fixed temperature type • ie... 135F* • May be rate of rise type • 5 Degrees F* in 20 Seconds • 15 Degrees F* Per Minute • Combination Heat Detectors are available (ROR and FIXED) • Used in high steam or dusty environments • Garages • Kitchens • Re-settable or disposable • Not a life safety device

44. Input Devices – Fire Automatic Initiating Devices • Water-Flow Switch • Any flow of water from a sprinkler system equal to or greater than that from a single automatic sprinkler head will result in activation of this switch and subsequently indicate an alarm condition. Activated Condition

45. Input Devices – Fire Manual Initiating Devices • Fire Box (Manual Pull Station) • When shorted trips an alarm (usually fire) • Installed in the normal exit path • Types of Fire Box • Single Action • Pull handle once • Glass Break • Glass rod or plate is broken • Double Action • Lifting of a cover or opening a door

46. Input Devices - Property Automatic Initiating Devices • Temperature Detectors • Require power from the control panel / alternate source • Digital • Fixed or programmable operation • Used in... • Cold storage • Freezers • Computer rooms

47. Burglar & Fire Alarm BasicsOutput Devices

48. Output Devices • Controlled by the panel • Can be visual, audible or both • Can be local or remote • More than one may be activated at any given time

49. Audible Output Devices • An audible alarm signal lets people know the alarm system has been activated • Devices may be mounted inside or outside based on level of sound required • May consist of: • Sirens • Bells • Buzzers • Horns • Voice Drivers

50. Visual Output Devices Automatic Initiating Devices • A visual signal lets users know the status of the alarm system if activated • Visual devices may be mounted inside or outside • May consist of... • Strobe lights • LED’s • Line carrier ie. X10 • Site printer