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PHENOLOGY

PHENOLOGY. Impacts of Spring Phenology on Carbon and Energy Fluxes in the Midwest and Northeast USA. Research Contributions. Phenology data from R. Ahas, J. Caprio, X. Chen, DWD, A. Menzel, J. O’Keefe, and WPS

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PHENOLOGY

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  1. PHENOLOGY Impacts of Spring Phenology on Carbon and Energy Fluxes in the Midwest and Northeast USA

  2. Research Contributions • Phenology data from R. Ahas, J. Caprio, X. Chen, DWD, A. Menzel, J. O’Keefe, and WPS • Flux data from S. Wofsy/Harvard Forest (1992-2000), Lamont ARM (1994-1998), K. Davis/Park Falls/ WLEF (1997-1999), S. Grimmond/H. Schmid/ Morgan Monroe (1999-2000) , and D. Baldocchi/ K. Wilson/Oak Ridge (1996-2000) • Phenology compositing technique adapted from a method developed by X. Chen

  3. RESEARCH GOALS • Dynamic Biosphere Models • Terrestrial Biosphere Change Detection • Improve Understanding of Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions

  4. Integrated Approach • Satellite Observations (AVHRR-NDVI) • Indicator Species Phenology • Native Species Phenology

  5. Lilac First Leaf

  6. Lilac First Bloom

  7. Spring Indices (SI) Bloom Model Performance(3 plant average model output compared to lilac bloom data)

  8. SI Bloom Comparison to European Plant Data

  9. Comparisons to Harvard Forest Native Trees

  10. Comparisons to Harvard Forest Native Trees

  11. Comparisons to UW-Milwaukee Native Trees

  12. Spring Index Comparison to USA SOS Dates

  13. Diurnal Range Change with First Leaf

  14. Station Locations

  15. Spring Index Model Output for Selected Stations

  16. Flux Changes Relative to First Bloom Spring IndexHarvard Forest, MA 1992-2000

  17. Net Ecosystem ExchangeHarvard Forest, MA 1992-2000

  18. Comparative Latent minus Sensible Heat Flux

  19. Comparative Net Ecosystem Exchange

  20. Comparative Net Ecosystem ExchangeAnnual “Downturn” Rates

  21. Comparative Net Radiation

  22. PAR Relative to First Bloom Spring IndexHarvard Forest, MA 1992-2000

  23. Flux Changes at UWM Field Station, WI 2002

  24. Harvard Forest Native Species • K. latifolia mountain laurel • Lyonia ligustrina maleberry • Nemopanthus mucronata mountain holly • Nyssa sylvatica black gum • Pinus strobus eastern white pine • Populus tremuloides trembling aspen* • Prunus serotina black cherry* • Quercus alba white oak • Q. rubra northern red oak* • Q. velutina black oak • Rhododendron roseum mountain azalea • Sambucus pubens red elderberry • Tsuga canadensis eastern hemlock • Vaccinium corymbosum highbush blueberry • Viburnum alnifolium hobblebush • V. cassinoides witherod • *= also observed at UWM Field Station • Acer pensylvanicum striped maple • A. rubrum red maple • A. saccharum sugar maple* • Amelanchier spp serviceberry, shadbush* • Aronia spp chokeberry • Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch* • B. lenta black birch • B. papyrifera paper birch* • B. populifolia gray birch • Castanea dentata American chestnut • Cornus alternifolia alt.-leaved dogwood* • Crataegus spp hawthorn* • Fagus grandifolia American beech* • Fraxinus americana white ash* • Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel* • Ilex verticillata winterberry, black alder • Kalmia angustifolia sheep laurel

  25. Flux Changes Relative to First Bloom Spring IndexHarvard Forest, MA

  26. Harvard Forest Carbon Dioxide Flux

  27. Phenological Changes near ChEAS sites

  28. Phenological Regions in Wisconsin(Source: Zhao 2002)

  29. ISI First Bloom for NP Region, WI compared to SI Indices for 475516(ISI from Zhao and Schwartz, in progress)

  30. Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases(coniferous sites) • NA (Needle appearance) • CF (Flowering)

  31. Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases(deciduous sites) • SL (Sprouting of leaves) • UL (Beginning of the unfolding of leaves) • L95 (95% of leaves at 95%+ of final size) • BF (Beginning of flowering) • FR (Fruit ripe) • CL (Coloring of leaves)

  32. Proposed FLUXNET Phenological Phases(grassland sites) • IG (Initiation of growth, tiller emergence) • IF (Initiation of flowering, anthesis) • DF (Duration of flowering, anthesis) • PS (Peak seedheads) • LC (Leaves in canopy > 90% dry)

  33. Global Phenological Monitoring • European Phenology Network • FLUXNET phenology protocol • GLOBE phenology protocols • Canada Plantwatch • USA phenology network plans

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