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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Affect, Attitudes, and Behavior at Work. Learning Objectives. Explain the role of affect, moods, and emotions in the workplace. Explain the organizational attitudes of job satisfaction, work commitment, employee engagement, and organizational justice.

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Affect, Attitudes, and Behavior at Work

  2. Learning Objectives • Explain the role of affect, moods, and emotions in the workplace. • Explain the organizational attitudes of job satisfaction, work commitment, employee engagement, and organizational justice. • Understand the concepts of organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior and their relationships to other concepts. • Understand the concept of organizational politics. • Understand the concept of the psychological contract in employment and its changing nature.

  3. Affect, Moods, and Emotions • Affect - broad range of feelings described along positive-negative continuum • Moods - general and relatively long lasting • Emotions - discrete, short, and target-specific

  4. Emotions • Five Categories • Positive • Negative • Existential • "Nasty" • Empathetic

  5. Emotions (cont’d) • Key Concepts • Emotional Labor - surface vs. deep acting • Emotion Regulation - attempts to modify one's emotions • Emotional Intelligence - ability to recognize and control emotions; controversial • Emotional Contagion - conscious and unconscious emotion synchronization

  6. Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions

  7. Job Attitudes • Job Satisfaction • Work Commitment • Employee Engagement • Organizational Justice

  8. Job Satisfaction • Internal evaluation of job favorability • Broad differences in satisfaction • Can measure at two levels: • Global job satisfaction • Job facet satisfaction • Sample measures • Job Descriptive Index • Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire

  9. Job Satisfaction (cont’d) • Brief’s Model of Job Satisfaction • Positive-negative dimension vs. objective job circumstances

  10. Job Satisfaction (cont’d) • Judgments embedded in a relative context (links to sensation and perception research) • Honeymoon-hangover effect: possibility of a "set point" for job satisfaction • Key relationships • Correlations of personality with satisfaction • Relationship between satisfaction and job-related criteria • Relationship between satisfaction and withdrawal behavior

  11. Work Commitment • Allegiance or loyalty to work - bonds reflecting dedication to and responsibility for one's work • Four types of bonds

  12. Work Commitment (cont’d) • Tripartite view of commitment • Affective • Continuance • Normative • Targets of work commitment • Relationships with work-related constructs

  13. Employee Engagement • Three dimensions • Vigor • Dedication • Absorption • Distinct yet counter to burnout • Burnout: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, reduced personal accomplishment • Engagement more cognitive; burnout more emotional

  14. Organizational Justice • Fair treatment of people in organizations • Typologies of organizational justice

  15. Behaviors • Organizational Citizenship Behavior • Counterproductive Work Behavior • Organizational Politics

  16. Organizational Citizenship Behavior • Contributing to the organization’s welfare by going beyond duties • 5 main dimensions to citizenship behavior: • Altruism • Conscientiousness • Courtesy • Sportsmanship • Civic virtue

  17. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (cont’d) • Motives for employees to engage in citizenship behaviors • "do good" - good soldiers • "look good" - good actors • Origins of organizational citizenship behavior • Dispositional • Situational antecedents • Cautionary statements regarding organizational citizenship behaviors

  18. Counterproductive Work Behavior • Behaviors harmful to employees or the organization • Categories of deviant behavior • Verbal • Physical • Sabotage • Severity (minor/major) • Recurrence (one time/ongoing) • Visibility (overt/covert) • Work-directed • Workplace homicide

  19. Counterproductive Work Behavior (cont’d) • "Thermodynamics of revenge" • Employee heats up then cools down in one of several forms: • Venting • Dissipation • Fatigue • Explosion

  20. Counterproductive Work Behavior (cont’d) • Workplace bullying • Low performers vs. excellent performers • Organization's policies and practices • Bad applies vs. bad barrels • Spiraling effect of incivility • Cyberaggression and cyberbullying

  21. Organizational Politics • Behaviors driven by self-interest • Who gets what, when, and how • Positive, neutral, and negative views of politics • Political games in organizations • Budgeting game • Expertise game • Rival camps game

  22. Organizational Politics (cont’d) • Four components of political skill • Social astuteness • Interpersonal influence • Building networks and forming coalitions • Projected virtue • Responses to politics • Stress • Turnover intentions • Work attitudes

  23. The Psychological Contract • Founded on concepts of mutuality and reciprocity • Types of contracts: • Transactional contracts (short-term) • Relational contracts (long-term) • Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical power

  24. The Psychological Contract (cont’d)

  25. The Psychological Contract (cont’d) • Violations of the psychological contract (consequences) • Sequential pattern of employee responses to violations • Move from relational to transactional • Voice • Silence • Retreat • Destruction • Exit

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