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HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER

HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER. Dr. A.K. Mahapatra Department of Neurosurgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi-110029, India AKM 2012. HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER. Aims and Objectives . D ifferent at different level of training and for faculty

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HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER

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  1. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Dr. A.K. Mahapatra Department of Neurosurgery All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi-110029, India AKM 2012

  2. HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER Aims and Objectives . Different at different level of training and for faculty . To familiarize how to collect and analyze data . How to write discussion comment and conclusions . Spread a new knowledge, describe a new technique . Report a new case for the first time . Or to enhance existing knowledge AKM 2012

  3. HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER . There is a big competition . There must be a message . It has to be high priority . It must be appropriate for the readers of that Journal AKM 2012

  4. HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER Why people do not write? . It takes time . There is a fear that paper will get rejected . People not in academic think it is not necessary . People in academic do not write as many medical colleges/ Institute do not give significance to publications as there is deficiency in faculty no. and people leaving academic and going to private practice. . Example : Dec. 2006 – 126 Prof. promoted DPC after 1 hour meeting. AKM 2012

  5. HOW TO WRITE A SCIENTIFIC PAPER Is it needed, why? . Keep to academic per-suite alive . For keeping up to date by reading and writing . From job satisfaction point of view . It keep you occupied rather then getting involved in other things AKM 2012

  6. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Papers can be . Original paper Prospective Retrospective data . Review article . Editorial metanalysis . Case report . Case note . Letter to editor . Image of the month . Book review, or commentary to an article published AKM 2012

  7. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER What is ideal ? . Write an original article with level I evidence . Write a technical development, describing a new technique or new surgical procedure . Review article/ meta analysis . Describing a new case report etc. AKM 2012

  8. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Select Journal . Should select journal where it is most likely get published . Select most appropriate journal even if low impact factor . Initially when you start your carrier do not always be ambitious to get best journal . Even publications in Indian Journal give to moral boosting and enhance your confidence AKM 2012

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  10. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Do not get dejected or depressed if a paper is rejected from a journal Example – Over 12000 article are received by Neurosurgery (2006) . 80% are America . 10% are Europe . 5% Asia . <1% India . 5% Rest of the world In an average in 12 issue 200-250 articles get published More than 98% get rejected, and most by the manuscript are from US AKM 2012

  11. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER . Journal like Child’s Nervs system get 1000-1200 manuscripts . 25-30% get accepted . Chance of an a article published iN CNS is higher than Neurosurgery . Hence, number of publications, no. of manuscripts has a big role in acceptance. AKM 2012

  12. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER . Some time depends on Chief Editor . Country from which the paper’s sent . Person who review the article Example 1996-12 Case intramedullary tuberculosis (J.Neurosurgery) Prof. John Jaine 3 referee two accepted with good comments 3rd rejected, finally rejected by Editor. AKM 2012

  13. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER . Send the paper where the editor is not obsessed . The manuscript must be as per instruction to author . See that as little mistake as possible . Quoting the reference and listing the reference is important, commonly over looked. AKM 2012

  14. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER . Many authors keep on repeating the same sentences in abstract, introduction, discussion . Manuscript must be as per journal instructions and guide lines . It should be to the point and crisps and not very lengthy . There must be appropriate number of tables not too many or to little . Illustration must be appropriate and good quality, histology, immuno histochemistry and EM illustration . Reference must be recent, appropriate, must be as per journal norms. All ref. listed must be quoted in text appropriately AKM 2012

  15. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Abstract / Summary . Must be as per journal norms . It should be 200-250 words with aim and objective, to the point results and short conclusion . Key words must be appropriate 6-8,words AKM 2012

  16. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Introduction . It must be one paragraph or two paragraphs . It must provide very brief view on about the subject . Few appropriate reference must be quoted to strong then your statement . At the end of the introduction highlight the topic with purpose AKM 2012

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  20. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Material, methods, observation . Must be appropriate . Must not be very lengthy . Observations must be carefully highlighted . The percentage must be in round figure . In table total number and 100% must be correct AKM 2012

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  22. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Result and conclusions . This is most important part of the paper . Result must be carefully analysed . Significance if any must be highlighted . Positive results and negative result are equally important . Do not try to justify result by adding false data . % and P value must be correct . Some reviewer at time can verify to find out accuracy of data and p value. AKM 2012

  23. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER . Conclusion must be drawn from data under publication rather than what is available in literature . Conclusions must be few and important ones . Less important points must be avoided in conclusion . Putting unnecessary points and making conclusion lengthy is bad AKM 2012

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  26. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Reference . Must be recent . It must be listed as per journal instruction . No. of reference must not be too many or too little . All reference listed must be quoted in the text . Month of publication, number is not necessary . Must quote your own publications relevant to topic . Do not only quote your publications . If possible quote, publication from India on the subject AKM 2012

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  29. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Who Should be Authors . Not too many . All must contribute . Everyone contribution must be mentioned . Who will be the first author? . Who is corresponding author? . According international journal editor guild. All authors are equal. AKM 2012

  30. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Correction by Senior Faculty . Some people read in detail correction and if necessary rewrite . Some read few para or pages then return . Some never read and then keep for days to weeks and return without doing anything . It must be done quick and 2-3 corrections are adequate for final manuscript AKM 2012

  31. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER . By and large we write poor English . Most of the time the comment by reviewer about the grammatical mistakes and typographical errors . It is always advisable to get the manuscript corrected by someone with good command in English . Many times it is difficult find your own mistake . All comments by colleague on figure table and conclusion must be considered . Inspite of all efforts a good manuscript may get rejected AKM 2012

  32. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Ethical Issue - Not to copy - Take permission for book or journal - Obliging people - Stealing the Data AKM 2012

  33. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER - Acknowledgement - Disclosure - Conflict of interest - Avoid Plagiarism AKM 2012

  34. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER - I review 100 articles for 12-14 Journals - I correct by Department 30-40 papers - Go through 12-15 thesis AKM 2012

  35. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER - My experience - Need to be careful - Do not repeat - Arrange Ref. as per the statement - Quote reference properly - Statistical Analysis must be correct - Do not Bluff AKM 2012

  36. HOW TO WRITE A GOOD PAPER Conclusions . It is always good to write a paper . Good paper terminology is misnomer . It is a learning process for all . Competition is high, to be kept in mind . Hence only 10-30% paper is accepted . Selection of journal is very important . For a beginner it is good to start publication in Indian Journal . Do not get dejected if a paper is refused send at to other journal after modification as per need . With effort and practice over the years it is possible to write a good paper. AKM 2012

  37. THANK YOU

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