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Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Disease. Africans Americans. Heart Disease Among Africans. Studies have shown Africans are at higher risk for heart disease Many factors are attributed to higher rates of cardiovascular disease. http://www.ishib.org/ED/journal/17-1/ethn-17-01-143.pdf.
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Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Disease Africans Americans
Heart Disease Among Africans • Studies have shown Africans are at higher risk for heart disease • Many factors are attributed to higher rates of cardiovascular disease http://www.ishib.org/ED/journal/17-1/ethn-17-01-143.pdf
Risk Factors • Higher prevalence of hypertension when compared to a white population (two-fold higher) • Significantly higher risk of diabetes • African women have the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity • Near top for limited leisure activity http://www.ishib.org/ED/journal/17-1/ethn-17-01-143.pdf
Risk Factors Now we know there is a higher risk in this ethnic group… but why? • Researchers are not quite sure but say some reasons may be: • Genetic Factors • Environmental Factors • A Combination of Factors http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/suppl_1/S48.full.pdf+html
Cardiovascular Disease • Coronary Heart Disease • Stroke • Peripheral Vascular Disease
Coronary Heart Disease • Leading cause of death among Africans • Among highest in the world • There has been a decline since 1968 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2561855/
Stroke • Average age of incidence was 69 years of age compared to whites which was 75, hispanics were 63 • Incidence rates reflect cerebral infarction rates http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/147/3/259.full.pdf+html
Peripheral Vascular Disease • Black ethnicity considered independent risk factor • Risk cannot be explained by excess diabetes, hypertension or CVD risk factors http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/112/17/2703.full.pdf+html
Screening and diagnostic tests • Cholesterol screening • Blood pressure screening • Access other risk factors • Age • Sex • Heredity • Stress • BMI http://ddsn.sc.gov/providers/manualsandguidelines/Documents/HealthCareGuidelines/CardiovascularScreening.pdf
Exercise Prescription • Normal Prescription • Emphasis on leisure time activity • Cardiovascular exercise 3x/week • Increase heart rate past 60% of HRR • All major muscle groups worked at least twice per week
Exercise Prescription • Emphasis on breathing to control blood pressure • Stretch along with exercise to maintain flexibility and improve circulation