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Introduction to Hardware

Introduction to Hardware. Introduction to Hardware. Review Computer System Sub Sistem CPU Sub Sistem Memori Sub Sistem Periferal. Review. Abstract view. user. user. USER. USER. Application Software. System Software. Computer Hardware. Review. Sistem Komputer

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Introduction to Hardware

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  1. Introduction to Hardware Pengantar Teknologi Informasi

  2. Introduction to Hardware • Review • Computer System • Sub Sistem CPU • Sub Sistem Memori • Sub Sistem Periferal Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  3. Review Abstract view user user ... USER USER Application Software System Software Computer Hardware Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  4. Review Sistem Komputer • memiliki 4 unit fungsional utama : • Data processing • Data storage • Data movement • Control Konfigurasi umum CPU + Internal Memory Input Devices Output Devices Storage System Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  5. Computer System – Data Movement and Storage Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  6. Computer System - Data Processing Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  7. Computer System Konsep von Neumann/Turing • Stored Program • Internal Memory menyimpan program dan data • ALU beroperasi menggunakan data biner • Control Unit menginterpretasi instruksi dari memori dan mengeksekusinya • I-device dan O-device dikendalikan CU • Dibuat di Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, — sehingga diberi nama IAS • Selesai 1952 Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  8. (CU) Computer System - IAS Structure Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  9. Computer System - IAS Structure (detail) Register dalam CPU • Memory Buffer Register • Memory Address Register • Instruction Register • Instruction Buffer Register • Program Counter • Accumulator • Multiplier Quotient Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  10. Computer System – Top Level Structure Computer Peripherals Central Processing Unit Main Memory Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication Devices Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  11. CPU Arithmetic and Login Unit Computer Registers I/O System Bus CPU Internal CPU Interconnection Memory Control Unit Computer System - CPU Structure Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  12. Interrupts Processor Cache Memory–I/O bus I/O controller I/O controller I/O controller Main memory Network Graphics output Disk Disk Computer System – Bus Based Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  13. Level View 5 Problem-oriented Language 4 Assembly Language 3 Operating system machine 2 Instruction Set Architecture [ISA] 1 Microarchitecture 0 Digital logic Computer System – MultiLevel Machine Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  14. Computer System – MultiLevel Machine (detail) • Level-0 (gate) yang membentuk prosesor, memori, dan register. • Level-1 (register) yang membentuk memori lokal dan sebuah ALU, yang saling terhubung oleh data path. • Level-2 (instruksi) sesuai arsitektur. • Level-3 Tingkat OS, menangani instruksi-instruksi yang ada pada level-4 dan level-5. • Level-4 Fasilitator pembuat program pada level-1, level-2, dan level-3 yang tidak bisa membuat kode mesin; butuh asembler sebagai translator. • Level-5 Bahasa yang mendekati pola bahasa manusia, butuh interpreter dan compiler sebagai translator. Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  15. Central Processing Unit Fungsi CPU • ALU menangani operasi aritmatika dan boolean, contoh: adder • CU mengendalikan operasi sistem, contoh: program counter • Register menyimpan data kecepatan tinggi, volume kecil • Bus atau data path sebagai media interkoneksi /komunikasi antar register. Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  16. CPU – How does it work ? Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  17. Memory – Basic Operations Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  18. Memory - Hierarchy Register Internal Memory Cache Memory Level 1 / Level 2 Size = small, Speed = high, Price = expensive, Main Memory ROM / RAM Magnetic Disk External Memory Optical Disk Tape Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  19. Memory - Internal Memory Ciri: • Sering disebut RAM • Lebih cepat dari storage system • Relatif mahal • Lebih kecil kapasitasnya dari storage system • Letak lebih dekat CPU. Fakta • volume >>>, kecepatan <<< • kecepatan prosesor >>> memory • Memory dipercepat, cost/bit >>> Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  20. Memory – Internal Memory • jenis : RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM • organisasi [sel] • kemasan chip [array DRAM : Kilo, Mega, Giga] • koreksi error [parity check] • media fisik: magnetic core  semiconductor • kapasitas: Mega  Giga  Tera ? • kecepatan akses: ~ 100 ns Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  21. Memory - Cache • Lebih kecil kapasitasnya & lebih cepat dari Main Memory • Isi: current info dari main memory untuk dieksekusi • kapasitas ~ 1024 Kbytes • transfer data dalam block / line @ 4 bytes Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  22. Memory – Storage System External Memory • Disk magnetik: floppy (disket), harddisk • Compact/optical disk • Pita magnetik Virtual Memory • Latar belakang: kebutuhan pemakai > fakta • Solusi teknik virtual,sebagian data di Internal Memory dan sebagian besar di Storage System • virtual logical address = address yang diacu prosesor • MMU / PMMU (Page Memory Management Unit), is a computer hardware component responsible for handling accesses to memory requested by the central processing unit (CPU). Dalam Virtual memory berfungsi sbg translator dari adress virtual ke address fisik Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  23. Pheriperal – Input Devices • Digitizer • Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Joystick • Magnetic Ink Character • Reader (MICR) • Paper tape reader • Card reader • Keyboard • Bar code reader • Mouse • Scanner • Optical character reader (OCR) • Voice recorder • Light pen • Touch screen Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  24. Pheriperal – Input Devices Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  25. Pheriperal – Output Devices • Card & paper tape puncher • Printer - Impact: line printer, dot matrix - Non-impact: laser printer, ink jet printer • Plotter - Flat bed - Roll • Computer output microfilm (COM) • Microfiche Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  26. Pheriperal – Output Devices Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

  27. Pheriperal – Input Output Devices • Non regular screen: touch, light • Tape drive • Diskette drive • Disk drive • CD ROM drive Pengantar Teknologi Informasi .: Fasilkom – UDINUS :.

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