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ROME

ROME. “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears”. Geography. Alps Mediterranean Sea Harbors, inland trade Apennines Mts. Economics Rivers, swamps. Founding of Rome. Legend of Romulus and Remus The Latins, the Tiber River and the seven hills Greek colonies Agriculture

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ROME

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  1. ROME “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears”

  2. Geography • Alps • Mediterranean Sea • Harbors, inland trade • Apennines Mts. • Economics • Rivers, swamps

  3. Founding of Rome • Legend of Romulus and Remus • The Latins, the Tiber River and the seven hills • Greek colonies • Agriculture • Grapes and olives • Art • Religion • Architecture • Government

  4. The Etruscans • Natives of northern Italy • Gifts from the Etruscans: • Roads • Swamps • Weapons • Arch • Alphabet • Triumph

  5. 600bce Etruscan became king of Rome • First temples and public buildings • Palatine hill and the Forum • 509bce – Romans overthrow the last Etruscan king

  6. The Republic • Republic – power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders • Power struggle: • Patricians • Plebeians • Twelve Tables • Written code of laws • Basis of later laws • All free citizens had a right to protection of the law

  7. Government under the Republic • Consuls (2) • Executive branch • Commander-in-chief • Praetors (8) • Judicial branch • Judges • Civil and criminal courts

  8. Republic Government cont. • Senate (300) • Legislative branch • Patricians • $$$ • Centuriate Assembly • Legislative branch • Citizen soldiers • Tribal Assembly (35 tribes) • Legislative branch • Plebeians • Tribunes (10)

  9. The Roman Army • Landowners • 10 year service • Legions – 5,000 men • Centuries – 80 men • Equipment • Armor, helmet, shield, sword, dagger, throwing spear, cooking pot, and clothing • Self-sufficient

  10. Punic Wars 264-146bce • By 265bce Romans controlled the Italian peninsula • Carthage: • Commercial empire on north African coast • Controlled Sicily • Romans feared Carthage • Carthage navy • Roman land advantage

  11. First Punic War, 264-241bce • Rome lacked a navy • Rome used land tactics at sea • Carthage asked for peace • Indemnity • Sicily

  12. Second Punic War, 218-202bce • Hannibal’s army • Infantry, cavalry, war elephants • Hannibal’s debacle • Hannibal spent 15 years living off the land, harassing the countryside, attacking Romans, but . . . • Scipio • Carthage asked for peace: • Indemnity • Spanish colonies

  13. Third Punic War, 149-146bce • Cato and the Senate • Senate’s decision • Roman conquest • Result: Rome Controls the Mediterranean Sea

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