The fight against Trafficking in Human Beings (Rome, 22 March 2012)

1. The fight against Trafficking in Human Beings (Rome, 22 March 2012) Maggiore Anna Bonifazi

2. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Phases: • Recruitment • Transportation • Reception/ Logistical support Use of deception and threat: • False promise of legal work • Recruitment by someone known and trusted by victim • Use of psychological violence • Threats to family members in the country of origin • Subjugation of victims with magic rituals (e.g. Wodoo for Nigerian women) Huge economic interests: • Phenomenon of multi-trafficking ( people, drugs, firearms, etc.) Transnationalism Transnational crime in at least 2 state Linguistic and cultural complexity -Need for cultural mediators, interpreters, psychologists, bilingual police force, priests, etc.

3. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri

4. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Who are the victims? • Men • Women • Minors Where are they from? • Eastern Europe • Africa • Asia • South America What type of exploitation? • Labour exploitation • Sexual exploitation • Criminal activities/ street begging What are the man features of human trafficking? • Organised • Transnational • Linked to other forms of international trafficking

5. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri A victim of trafficking: • does not recognise the context of trafficking; • believes in the trafficker’s ‘promises’; • Even if she has doubts, she deludes herself into believe that the exploitation will be short and she will eventually regain her freedom; • If she has experienced physical or sexual violence, she feels guilty and uncomfortable; • She is worried about herself and her family; • She does not trust the police; • She is scared.

6. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri A victim of trafficking: • might have been indoctrinated and intimidated by the trafficker; • might have been brainwashed; • might be confused; • might have an hostile attitude, might be angry, scared and distrustful; • might not be willing to doubt the ‘good will’ of her trafficker especially if she feels tied to him/her by some sort of relationship; • might lie.

7. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Operation NUOVA ERA (year 2005)

8. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Operation TERRA PROMESSA (year 2006)

9. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Operation VIOLA (year 2008 -2009)

10. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Operation CARONTE (year 2009)