UMPIRE MECHANICS Theory of Proper Positioning “Angle is primary; distance is secondary; Closer is better, up to a point

1. UMPIRE MECHANICS Theory of Proper Positioning “Angle is primary; distance is secondary; Closer is better, up to a point.” TEXAS BASEBALL UMPIRES ASSOCIATION TBUA

2. Approx. 10 to 15 ft behind 1st baseman A Approx. ½ distance from mound to 2nd base B C D UIC For 3 and 4 man system Basic Umpire Positions

3. RF CF The ‘V’ B Working Area LF C The Box UIC Basic Terminologies

4. Base Umpire Positioning • Position A • No runners on base • Position B • Runner at first • Runner at first and third • Position C • Runner at second • Runner at first and second • Runners at second and third • Bases loaded • Runner at third (may adjust to B)

5. Generalized Umpire Responsibilities • Base Umpire • Exchange signals with the UIC • Balks • Assist on Check Swing when asked by UIC • All attempted pickoffs and steals (except home) • Fair/Foul and Catch/No-Catch on ball in your area • Initial play on batted ball on the infield • All plays on bases except when UIC covers third, or when you ‘go out’ • Base Touches and Tag-ups at second base, first base if UIC has the ball, and trailing runners at third base • Plate Umpire • Exchange signals with the BU • Put ball in play after all dead balls • Ball/ Strike call • Fair/Foul and Catch/No-Catch on ball in your area • Play at all bases if BU ‘goes out’ • Base Touches and Tag-ups at third base, home plate, and first base if ball is hit to BU’s outfield • If no runners, trail batter halfway to first on ball in the infield • Run scoring on a ‘time play’

6. BU has Trouble Balls UIC has ALL Routine Fly Balls BU has Fair/Foul A UIC has Trouble Balls UIC has Fair/Foul UIC UIC has Fair/Foul Bases Empty – Fly Ball Responsibility

7. RF UIC has balls from RF to the line CF BU has ALL Fly Balls in the ‘V’ UIC has Fair/Foul B LF C UIC has balls from LF to the line UIC UIC has Fair/Foul Runners On Base – Fly Ball Responsibility

8. Review: Bases Empty – Umpire in Chief • Priorities • An illegal pitch. • The pitch: ball or strike. • Check-swings and defensive appeals. • Slow-rolling balls on either base line: fair/foul from • home plate to either bag. • A fair/foul call down the third-base or left-field line, or • between home plate and first base. • A ‘trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – • from center field to the left field foul area. • All fly balls if the BU doesn’t go out. • Batter/runner if the BU goes out. • Your first concern is always the pitch: strike or ball. • Fair/Foul: You have batted balls on the third-base side, and balls on the first base side that don’t go beyond the base. • Field coverage: You have all routine batted balls to the outfield, and any ball from center field to the left field foul area. • On the bases: If you cover a fly ball, return to cover a play at the plate; if BU goes out you have the runner all the way (until BU tells you he has the plate).

9. Review: Bases Empty – Base Umpire • Priorities • An illegal pitch. • Help UIC on a half-swing • Batted ball that travels beyond first base – • rule fair or foul at or near the right-field line. • A ‘Trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – • From center field to the right field foul area. • A ground ball in the infield: You have the play at • first, and any other play that develops. • A batted or bunted ball with batter, pitcher and • first baseman all converging at the base. • ‘Pressure’ from the second baseman. • A clean hit, or any batted ball to UIC’s area. • Start in position A. (Adjust by the 1st baseman’s position). • Fair/Foul: You have batted balls on the first-base side that go beyond the base. • Field coverage: You have batted balls from center field to the right field foul area. • On the bases: On a ball hit into the outfield, you will come in and pivot and handle runner at all bases; If you go out on a fly, return in foul ground to cover a play at the plate.

10. Review:Runner at first base–Umpire in Chief • Priorities • A balk or illegal pitch. • The pitch: ball or strike. • Check-swings and defensive appeals. • All fair/foul calls down either foul line. • A ‘trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – • outside the ‘V’. • Double play – observe and support BU. • A bunted ball with converging players – • interference/obstruction. • Runner advancing from first to third on any batted ball. • Your first concern is always the pitch: strike or ball. • Fair/Foul: You have all fair/foul decisions. • Field coverage: You have all batted balls to the outfield outside the ‘V’. • On the bases: You have any play at third on the runner from first on a batted ball. (Unless you are held in place by a fair/foul or catch/no-catch call keeps you on the first base line.)

11. Review: Runner at first base – Base Umpire • Priorities • A balk or illegal pitch. • Pick off attempt at first base by the pitcher. • Help UIC on a half-swing. • Pick off attempt at first base by the catcher. • A second base steal attempt. • A ‘Trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – • The ‘V’ from the left fielder to the right fielder. • A ground ball in the infield: You have the first play on the infield, both ends of a double play, and all plays at second base. (The UIC has the lead runner at third and any play at home.) • A batted or bunted ball with batter, pitcher, first and second basemen all converging at the base. • A ball hit to the outfield followed by a play on the runner at first or second. • Batter advancing to second or third on a hit. • Runner advancing to third on a hit when UIC cannot help. • Start in position B. • Fair/Foul: No responsibility. • Field coverage: You have batted balls in the ‘V’. • On the bases: All plays at first and second, the batter at third, and the runner at third if UIC does not cover.

12. Review: Runners at first and second base –Umpire in Chief • Priorities • A balk or illegal pitch. • The pitch: ball or strike. • Check-swings and defensive appeals. • All fair/foul calls down either foul line. • A ‘trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – • outside the ‘V’. • All plays at home plate. • Double –play in the infield – observe and support BU. • A bunted ball with converging players – • interference/obstruction. • An infield fly. • Your first concern is always the pitch: strike or ball. • Fair/Foul: You have all fair/foul decisions. • Field coverage: You have all batted balls to the outfield outside the ‘V’. • On the bases: You have all plays at home plate, you may also have a play with the runner advancing from second to third after tagging up on a fly ball. (Unless you are held in place by a fair/foul or catch/no-catch call that keeps you on the first base line.)

13. Review: Runners at first and second base – Base Umpire • Priorities • A balk or illegal pitch. • Pick off attempt at second or first base by the pitcher. • Help UIC on a half-swing. • A third base steal attempt (glance). • A double steal with possible first play at second base. • Pick off attempt at first or second base by the catcher. • A ‘Trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – • The ‘V’ from the left fielder to the right fielder. • A ground ball in the infield: You have all plays on the infield. • A batted or bunted ball with batter, pitcher, first and second basemen all converging at the base. • A ball hit to the outfield followed by a play on any runner at any base. • An infield fly. • Start in position C. • Fair/Foul: No responsibility. • Field coverage: You have batted balls in the ‘V’ (and responsibility for runner tag-ups). • On the bases: All plays at first, second, and third (unless UIC has called out that he has third after a catch).

14. Review: Bases Loaded - Umpire in Chief • Priorities • A balk or illegal pitch. • The pitch; ball or strike. • Check-swings and defensive appeals. • All fair/foul calls down either foul line. • A ‘trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – outside the ‘V’. • A fly ball in the outfield; observe tag at third and developing play at the plate. • All plays at home plate. • A bunted ball with converging players – • Interference/obstruction. • An infield fly. • Your first concern is always the pitch: strike or ball. • Fair/Foul: You have all fair/foul decisions. • Field Coverage: You have all batted balls to the outfield outside the ‘V’. • On the bases: You have all plays at home plate; You also have R3 tagging up at third.

15. Review: Bases Loaded - Base Umpire • Priorities • A balk or illegal pitch. • Pick of attempt at any base by the pitcher. • Help UIC on a half-swing. • Pickoff at any base by the catcher. • A ‘trouble ball’ in your area of the outfield – • In the ’V’ from the left fielder to the right fielder. • A ground ball in the infield: You have all plays at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd; UIC will ‘stay home’ and will cover all plays at the plate. • A bunted ball with converging players at first. • A ball hit to the outfield followed by a play at any base. • An infield fly. • Start in position C. • Adjust based on game situation (stretch/windup, etc.). • Fair/Foul: No responsibility (echo UIC Foul call). • Field Coverage: You have all batted balls to the outfield inside the ‘V’. • On the bases: You have all plays at 1st , 2nd, and 3rd; (Except; UIC will have R3 tagging up and advancing to home.).

16. Umpire Signals - Communication • Signals can be initiated by either umpire. • Signals are always returned in kind (not with a nod) • Infield Fly Situation (Finger pointed up across bill of cap) • Infield Fly Called (Arm extended up and finger pointed up) • Rotation Situation (Thumb and small finger extended, and rotated) • UIC Staying at home (UIC points to plate) • Timed Play (Point to wrist, as if at umpires watch) • Remove Previous Signal (Swipe open palm across chest) • Umpire Conference after the inning (Arms crossed at the waist) • I have the call (Tap chest with open palm) • Ball/Strike Count Request (Twirled index fingers) • Good Call (Tap closed fists together, vertically) • Bad Call (Never Happens) • Verbal Communication • BU going out on ball to right field “I’M GOING OUT” • BU return to infield position “I’VE GOT THE RUNNER” • UIC rotating to third with a play “I’VE GOT THIRD” • UIC at third if play continues “ I’M GOING HOME” • UIC not rotating as planned “I’M ON THE LINE” • When free umpire comes to help on a rundown “I’VE GOT THIS HALF”

17. Official Baseball Rules (OBR) Federation Rules (High School) Differ slightly in a few areas TEXAS BASEBALL UMPIRES ASSOCIATION TBUA

18. Rule Book 1.0 Objectives Field Equipment 2.0 Definition of Terms Appeal (Defensive Claim) Catch Fair Ball Foul Ball Foul Tip Infield Fly Interference Offensive Defensive (with batter) Umpire Spectator Obstruction – Defensive on Runner Strike Strike Zone

19. Rule Book (continued) 3.0 Game Preliminaries 4.0 Starting and Ending a Game 5.0 Putting the Ball in Play, Live Ball UIC shall call ‘PLAY’ 6.0 The Batter 6.05 Batter Out 6.07 Batting out-of-turn 6.08&9 Becomes a Runner 7.0 The Runner 7.04 – 7 Base Awards 7.08 Runner is Out 7.09 Offensive Interference 7.10 Appeals

20. Rule Book (continued) 8.0 The Pitcher 8.01(a) Windup Position 8.01(b) Set Position 8.05 Balk 9.0 The Umpire 9.01(c) 10.0 Scorekeeper

21. HOME PLATE AREA Dimensions 3’ 17” 6” 6’ 3’ 4’ 8’ 43”

22. FIRST BASE LINE Running Lane Base and Base Line 3’