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European Colonialism in Africa

European Colonialism in Africa. What are the problems occurring in modern Africa?. Genocide in Darfur. CIVIL WAR CONGO. AIDS. Food Shortages. Political & Economic Turmoil. Essential Questions. What has been the impact of European colonization on Africa?

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European Colonialism in Africa

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  1. European Colonialism in Africa

  2. What are the problems occurring in modern Africa?

  3. Genocide in Darfur

  4. CIVIL WAR CONGO

  5. AIDS

  6. Food Shortages

  7. Political & Economic Turmoil

  8. Essential Questions • What has been the impact of European colonization on Africa? • What is the legacy of colonialism on Africa today?

  9. Africa Regions

  10. Africa Vegetation

  11. African Trade 1450-1600

  12. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

  13. PoliticalNationalism Source for Raw Materials MissionaryActivity Industrial Revolution ECONOMIC European Motives For Colonization Markets forFinishedGoods Military& NavalBases SocialDarwinism EuropeanRacism Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Pop. HumanitarianReasons Exploratory “WhiteMan’sBurden”

  14. European Explorers in Africa Europeans venture into the interior of Africa

  15. Where Is Dr. Livingstone? DoctorLivingstone,I Presume? Sir Henry Morton Stanley Dr. David Livingstone

  16. European Explorations in mid-19c:

  17. What is the Source of the Nile? Sir Richard Burton John Speke

  18. Africa 1875

  19. Missionaries follow Explorers

  20. Social Darwinism

  21. The “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling

  22. The “White Man’s Burden”?

  23. The Belgian Congo: King Leopold II

  24. King Leopold of Belgium hires Stanley to explore the Congo River Basin • He dreamed of conquest and profit • Influenced other nations to “scramble” for the Congo

  25. The Congo Free State orThe Belgian Congo

  26. King Leopold II:(r. 1865 – 1909)

  27. Leopold brutally exploits the riches of the Congo • Copper, rubber & ivory

  28. Harvesting Rubber Workers were savagely beaten and forced to work for almost no wages

  29. Punishing “Lazy” Workers

  30. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.) It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

  31. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

  32. Leopold’s Conscience??

  33. Leopold if forced to turn over his colony to the Belgian government. • 1908 becomes the Belgian Congo

  34. The Berlin Conference 1884-1885 • Conference called to avoid bloodshed over the Congo Free State & other claims to Africa • No Africans were invited • Recognized Leopold’s claims to the Congo--but called for free trade on Congo & Niger rivers • Could not claim territory w/out a gov’t office set up in the territory • Recognized German and British claims to East Africa, while Portugal received Mozambique. • European’s partition almost entire continent • Redrew map of Africa with little regard for traditional patterns of settlement or ethnic boundaries

  35. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 Another point of view? 

  36. Berlin Conference of1884-1885

  37. European Colonization/Decolonization Patterns Berlin Conference of 1884-85

  38. France Extends its Influence

  39. The Struggle For South Africa

  40. Britain’s territory is more scattered

  41. British Clash with the Boers in South Africa Boers are descendents of Dutch settlers

  42. The Great Trek, 1836-38 Boers fled British rule Afrikaners

  43. Diamonds found in South Africa Raw Diamonds

  44. The Struggle for South Africa The Boer War 1899-1902 Bitter guerrilla fighting British win, but with great losses Creation of the Union of South Africa (1910) System of complete racial segregation until 1993

  45. The Boer War: 1899 - 1900 The British The Boers

  46. A Future British Prime Minister British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill

  47. Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) Diamond & gold miner Supported British imperialism in Africa Had entire British colony named after him Rhodesia now Zimbabwe Promoted the policy of racial segregation

  48. African’s Resist Imperialism Nehanda Fought British in Zimbabwe Yaa Asantewaa Fought British in Asante war Samori Toure Fought French in W. Africa Shaka Zulu Fought the Boers Menelik II Ejected Italian invaders

  49. Africa in 1914

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