The Crusades

1. The Crusades

2. Claims to the Land

3. Actions of the European Crusaders Quote1 Quote 2 “The Jews who lived in Jerusalem and who had been trapped by the crusader’s siege of the city had gathered in their synagogue and the Franks burnt them alive. They also destroyed monuments of saints and the tomb of Abraham, may peace be upon him.” —Ibn al-Qalanisi, quoted in Michael Foss, People of the First Crusade “The population was put to the sword by the Franks [crusaders], who pillaged for a week. . . . the Franks slaughtered more than 70,000 people, among them a large number of Imams and Muslim scholars who had left their homelands to live in the pious seclusion of the Holy Place." —Ibn al-Athir, quoted in Michael Foss, People of the First Crusade

4. The Last Word! Purpose • To clarify and deepen our thinking about what we read. • The process is designed to build on each other’s thinking, and not to enter into a dialogue (discussion or conversation). Roles • Timekeeper/facilitator, • Your job is to participate and monitor the time for your group. • Timing is important; each round should last approximately 7 minutes. • Presenter • Your job is to share what you think is important and listen quietly while other group members share what they think about what you shared.

5. The Last Word Protocol Step One - Each group member independently identifies what they think is the most significant (important) idea addressed in quotes, and highlights that part. (5-7 minutes) Step Two - When every group member has completed step 1, a volunteer presenter from the group begins the sharing by identifying the passage they found to be most significant and reads it out loud to the group. The presenter says nothing about why they chose that particular quote or part of the quote/passage. (1minute) Step Three - whole group then takes 1-2 minutes to quietly consider (think about) the quote/passage before moving to the next step. (2 minutes) Step Four - The other 3 group members each have 1 minute to respond to the passage by sharing what that part of the passage makes them think about, what questions they may have about the passage, why they think the passage may or may not be important. (3 minutes) Step Four -The first presenter then has 3 minutes to state why they chose that part of the quote/passage and they can respond to any of the comments or questions from the other 3 group members.(3 minutes)

6. 4 Questions about The Last Word • What did you learn about the topic? • What was the most challenging part of this process for you? • What was the easiest part of this process for you? • What did you learn about yourself by participating in this protocol?

7. Geography of The holy land

22. Causes of the Crusades

23. The Crusades The Pope had numerous (many) reasons to call for the First Crusade in 1095. Pope Urban II wished to end the constant fighting between the nobles and knights of Western Europe. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I, wished for help against the Turks who were conquering land in the Middle East and Turkey. Crusaders established (created) Christian Kingdoms in the lands they conquered. The Pope could increase his own political Power by getting rid of many of the knights Who continually challenged his power in Europe.

24. Holy War In 1096 Pope Urban II called for the first crusade. A holy war to “liberate” the holy land from the Muslim Turks. The first crusade established contact with the Islamic world which sparked an interest in trade between Asia and Europe The increased trade with the East created many new opportunities for the people of Europe. Medieval Europe began to change dramatically beginning around the year 1100. Many important events took place that led to the end of feudalism in Europe. The Renaissance or “rebirth of learning” was soon to come.

25. WhyJoin the Crusades? Thousands of people responded to the call to arms by the Pope for many different reasons. According to the Pope, anyone who went on crusade was granted forgiveness for all of their sins. This meant that if you went on crusade you would automatically get into heaven. Many serfs and poor people went on crusade to escape their lords and the violent life of Europe. Lords and Knights went on Crusade to create new kingdoms for themselves in the Middle East and the Holy Land. There were no new lands to conquer in Western Europe.

26. Successful War I. The First Crusade began in 1095 when Pope Urban II called on the Nobles and Knights of Western Europe to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims of the Middle East. The first crusade was successful. The Christian Armies marched through Eastern Europe and Turkey arriving in Jerusalem in the summer of 1099. 2. The Crusaders assaulted Jerusalem and took the city .They massacred the inhabitants of the city. Thousands of people were slaughtered by the ferocious crusaders. 3. The Christians took over control of the city and surrounding areas. They would control Jerusalem until 1147 when it was re-conquered by the Turks.

27. The Results One major result of the crusades was increased contact between Europe and Asia. Italian trade ships moved freely to the newly opened ports in and around the Middle East. Muslims and Christians who had been at war for over 200 years began to trade with one another. There was a huge demand in Europe for the luxury goods of the East. (Spices, Silk, etc…) In the summer of 1347, the Plague spread from the Black Sea into parts of Eastern Europe. One negative result of this new contact between East and West was the spread of disease. The disease moved quickly as trade ships carried disease infected rats from port to port throughout Europe. Over a 3 year period the plague killed 40 million Europeans . Entire cities were wiped out and the fabric of society began to unravel.