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The Crusades

The Crusades. High Ho, High Ho, Its off to War we Go. The High Middle Ages. It's 106 miles to Chicago, we've got a full tank of gas, half a pack of cigarettes, it's dark, and we're wearing sunglasses. We're on a mission from God. The High Middle Ages. Blues Brothers. The Crusades.

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades High Ho, High Ho, Its off to War we Go

  2. The High Middle Ages It's 106 miles to Chicago, we've got a full tank of gas, half a pack of cigarettes, it's dark, and we're wearing sunglasses. We're on a mission from God.

  3. The High Middle Ages • Blues Brothers

  4. The Crusades • Who came up with this bright idea • The Pope • The Pope’s were able to request that kings and emperors fight in the Crusades • Failure to fight in the Crusades might lead the Pope to question your loyalty to God and further lead to excommunication • So kings and emperors sent armies and money to support the Crusades

  5. The Crusades • Why are we going to the Holy Land? • To take back the Holy Land from the non Christians • To convert the non believers (Muslims) • To crush heretics • Not all Crusades were fought in the Holy Land. Southern France was the site of a Crusade • In Frankfurt Germany Crusaders on the way to the Holy Land killed 10,000 Jews just because they were not Christians

  6. The Crusades • Heresies • At about the same time the Crusades were starting people began to question the role and doctrine of the Catholic Church • Many heretics wanted to return to a simpler way of practicing Christianity • They rejected the wealth of the church

  7. The Crusades • Scholasticism • With the opening of universities in Europe people began to think more freely • People began to study law, philosophy, medicine, science • This new thought or scholasticism came into direct conflict with the church

  8. The Crusades • The Church response • To keep control of the masses the church set out strict guidelines or doctrines of practice • If these doctrines were not followed then punishment ranged from excommunication to torture and execution • At this time the church is often referred to as the Church Militant • The 4th Crusade was directed at those deemed heretics by the church, Jews, Muslims, and heretics

  9. The Crusades • What motivated the Crusaders • Genuine religious fervor from both Christian and Muslims (Our religions is better then yours) • Geopolitical conflict between Europe and the Middle East (Hey, your stealing our money, our trade and our land) • Europe wants in on the trade routes to China and the near East • Greed-European nobles want to make a name for themselves and get rich-spoils of war • Racial and religious prejudice “I hate you” concept

  10. The Crusades • The term Crusade best fits the wars fought between the Muslims and the Christians between 1095 and 1291

  11. The Crusades • The First Crusade (1096-1099) • Why • 1095 the Byzantine Empire asked Christian Europe for military assistance against a wave of attacks by Seljuk Turks (Muslims) • The Byzantine Empire had been fighting them off for about 20 years • The Seljuk Turks had also taken the Holy Land and Jerusalem prior to the plea for help

  12. The Crusades • Why • The Byzantine Emperor in a effort to gain assistance from the western Christians exaggerated the rumors of what the Turks were doing to Christians in the Holy Land • The whole killing innocent men women and children • Destroying sacred relics • Pope Urban II calls the Council of Clermont • The Pope calls on all European nobles to • Go to the Holy Land • Recapture Jerusalem • Take back the Holy Land

  13. The Crusades • Off we go • In 1096 a massive Christian army heads off to the Holy Land by the way of Constantinople • Along the way the crusaders destroy just about anything in their way (parts of Europe, Constantinople, the Holy Land) • By 1099 the Crusaders reached Jerusalem and placed it under siege • In a couple of weeks they took the city, butchered every Muslim, Jew and even some Christians in the city • Jerusalem was now in the hands of the Christians

  14. The Crusades • What happened afterwards • The Crusaders established what was called the Latin Kingdoms • These kingdoms served as the military and political strongholds for the Christians in the Middle East • The allowed knights and nobles to • Own land • Become involved in trade and become rich

  15. The Crusades • The Latin Kingdoms • The Crusaders were able to hold on to these Kingdoms for about 200 years however at a cost • The Crusaders would have to fight a series of Crusades against the Turks, Arabs and other Muslims who wanted to drive the Christians out • When the Muslims were successful in taking back land from the Crusaders then the Crusaders would start another Crusade

  16. The Crusades • The Second Crusade (1146-1149) • One of the Latin Kingdoms falls to the Muslims

  17. The Crusades • The Third Crusade (1189-1192) • Saladin the military leader of the Muslims captures Jerusalem in 1187 • Saladin is probably the greatest military leader the Muslims have ever known • Richard the Lion-Heart of England, Philip II Augustus of France and Frederick I Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire join together to fight Saladin

  18. The Crusades • The Third Crusade • Richard does some nasty things while fighting the Muslims • Killing every Muslim man, woman, and child in Acre • Both Richard and Saladin face off in a series of battles • Neither can gain the advantage on the other • The Crusade ends in a stalemate • Muslims keep Jerusalem but Christians were free to visit the city

  19. The Crusades • Later Crusades • From 1200 to about 1291 a series of very unsuccessful Crusades are launched against the Muslims and even Christians • The 4th Crusade (1202-1204) • This Crusade targeted the Christian city of Constantinople instead of the Muslims • (Crusaders were now just looking for land and wealth and saw a way to obtain it in Constantinople) • The ideals of Chivalry were dying out and knights and nobles were killing whom ever and taking whatever they wanted

  20. The Crusades • Later Crusades • In the 1200’s there was Children’s Crusade were young boys and girls went off to fight the Muslims • Guess just how this ended up? Lots of children captured and enslaved • Crusaders attacked Egypt and North Africa with little success • The Turks • During this same time the Turks were able to drive the Christians out of the Latin Kingdoms • Most of the early crusaders who had established the kingdoms had died or went home • In 1291 the last outpost for the Christians at Acre fell • Christian presence in the Middle east was abandoned • The Crusades were over

  21. The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • Long term effect that still last today • Muslims and Christians hate each other • It caused a greater division between both religions that is still played out in the word today • Effect on Europeans • Greater understanding of the world and the lands to the east • Out of this will come the need to further explore, open trade routes and develop kingdoms in other parts of the world • Europeans were becoming greedy and wanted the wealth of the world

  22. The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • Increase in knowledge • Europeans and Muslims were able to exchange new technologies • The Muslims learned masonry and fortress building from the Europeans • Europeans learned about • Medicine, sailing technology, literature • The Crusades ended the Middle Ages and ushered in the Renaissance

  23. The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • The Crusades were not only a religious endeavor but also a political and social movement • The early crusades were more religious • The later crusades were more based on greed • While the crusades were based on a conflict of religions it became a contest of who was superior

  24. The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • The Crusades were violent and bloody, • Death, rape, pillage, slavery • Chivalry was non existent on both sides • The religious devout were willing to die for their religion

  25. The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • Brought Europe into the sphere of Eastern Mediterranean • Interaction of trade, new ideas, and rediscovery of the ancient past which had been preserved by the Byzantine and Muslim Empires

  26. The Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • The most important impact or effect of the Crusades is that conquest and expansion might fail it still results in cultural interaction or cultures that might not have otherwise interacted • This would cause Europe to leave the Middle Ages and enter the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration

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