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Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary Heart Disease. Benjawan Nunthachai. What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

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Coronary Heart Disease

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  1. Coronary Heart Disease BenjawanNunthachai

  2. What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)? Coronary heart disease is the name given to the disease process called artherosclerosis that causes the smooth inside lining of the coronary arteries to become narrowed by fatty deposits, sometimes called 'plaques' or 'artheroma' http://www.nhsggc.org.uk/content/default.asp?page=s1440_1

  3. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) • Coronary artery disease occurs when a substance called plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). • Plaque is made up of cholesteroldeposits, which can accumulate in your arteries. When this happens, your arteries can narrow over time. This process is called atherosclerosis.

  4. Coronary heart disease is often referred to as CHD but can also sometimes be called: • Coronary artery disease or CAD • Ischemic heart disease IHD Plaque buildup can cause angina, the most common symptom of CAD. This condition causes chest pain or discomfort because the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood. Over time, CAD can weaken the heart muscle. This may lead to heart failure, a serious condition where the heart can't pump blood the way that it should. An irregular heartbeat, or arrhythmia, can also develop.

  5. Heart With Muscle Damage and a Blocked Artery http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/Cad/CAD_SignsAndSymptoms.html

  6. Figure A is an overview of a heart and coronary artery showing damage (dead heart muscle) caused by a heart attack. Figure B is a cross-section of the coronary artery with plaque buildup and a blood clot.

  7. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease? • A common symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD) is angina. Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. • Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. You also may feel it in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. • Angina pain may even feel like indigestion. • The pain tends to get worse with activity and go away with rest. Emotional stress also can trigger the pain

  8. Heart failure • Another common symptom of CHD is shortness of breath. • This symptom happens if CHD causes heart failure. • When you have heart failure, your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs. Fluid builds up in your lungs, making it hard to breathe.

  9. Heart Attack • A heart attack occurs if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked. • It can mostly or completely block blood flow through a coronary artery. • If the blockage isn’t treated quickly, the portion of heart muscle fed by the artery begins to die.

  10. signs and symptoms of a heart attack include: • Upper body discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach • Shortness of breath, which may occur with or before chest discomfort • Nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), vomiting, light-headedness or fainting, or breaking out in a cold sweat • Sleep problems, fatigue (tiredness), or lack of energy

  11. What is Angina? • Angina pectoris ("angina") is a discomfort (or pain), usually felt in the chest, that comes from the heart muscle.  • You usually feel it as a tightness, heaviness, weight, pressure or some similar feeling.  It may also spread to the throat, jaw, shoulders or back.  • Sometimes you might also notice aching or tingling in your arms or hands when you have angina.  You may also experience breathlessness. • Sometimes doctors and nurses use a "shorthand" name - CHD (coronary heart disease) or IHD (ischemic Heart Disease) for clogged up arteries.  Don't let this confuse you it is not a different illness, just a different name.

  12. What is a Heart Attack? • A heart attack, or MI (myocardial infarction) usually causes pain in the center of the chest. The pain usually feels like a heaviness or tightness which may also spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach.

  13. An MI occurs when an artery (a blood vessel known as a coronary artery) supplying blood to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked.  • Usually this artery has been narrowed and finally blocks when a blood clot forms on top of the narrowed area.  • When the blood supply to an area of heart muscle is cut off in this way,  the muscle dies and is replaced by scar tissue. 

  14. Risk Factors for Heart Disease

  15. Types of fats Saturated fats • Eating too much saturated fat can increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood which increases the risk of developing heart disease. • Foods that are high in saturated fat: • processed meat products such as pies and sausages • cheese • butter • pastry products • cakes and biscuits • cream, soured cream • oils such as coconut oil, coconut cream or palm oil

  16. Types of fats Trans Fats • Trans fats have a similar effect on blood cholesterol as saturated fats - they raise the type of cholesterol in the blood that increases the risk of heart disease. • Trans fats are formed when liquid vegetable oils are turned into solid fats through a process called hydrogenation.  • Trans fats may be found in: • biscuits and cakes • fast foods • pastry products • some margarines

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