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Thermoflex ® Tubing

Thermoflex ® Tubing. Polymer Reinforced Gathering Lines Product Overview June 22, 2007. Why Use Thermoflex Tubing. Reduced Pressure Drop vs. Steel Rapid Installation vs. Steel Paraffin or Scale Issues Corrosion Resistance/ Hydrocarbon Resistance. Advantages of New Polymers.

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Thermoflex ® Tubing

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  1. Thermoflex® Tubing Polymer Reinforced Gathering Lines Product Overview June 22, 2007

  2. Why Use Thermoflex Tubing • Reduced Pressure Drop vs. Steel • Rapid Installation vs. Steel • Paraffin or Scale Issues • Corrosion Resistance/ Hydrocarbon Resistance

  3. Advantages of New Polymers • Polyethylene has been Available for Years. • Good to 60C Operating Temperatures • Paraffin Adheres to Polyethylene • Poor Permeation Properties • New Polymers with High Strength, Improved Corrosion Resistance, and Higher Temperature Performance Now Available • Multi-Layer Technology has Reduced the Costs of Liners for Severe Applications

  4. New Engineered Plastics Provide Higher Temperature Strength Not Available From Polyethylene (PE) Fortron Capron PE

  5. Long Term / Elevated Temp. FuelExposureWeight Change - Fuel CM15 (121oC) 10% N66 - 25% GR 5% HTN - 35% GR PPA - 45% GR PPS - 40% GR 0%

  6. Liner Construction & Design • Multi-layer Design • Inner Layer for Corrosion Resistance, Low Permeation and Higher Temp Strength . . . Nylon and Fortron • Outer Layer for Higher Temperature Strength, Abrasion Resistance . . . Capron or PP • Fully Bonded • Applications to 250F Inner Barrier

  7. Reinforced Tubing Design and Construction • Multi-layer Design • Inner and Outer Barrier Layers • Center Layer Provides Higher Temperature Strength • Fiber reinforced with Kevlar for Strength, Tensile Load, and Burst • Tubing Strength P=(2*F*n)/D*L

  8. Thermoflex vs. GRP • Strength Lies in the Braid not the Resin • Inner liner Selection Based Upon Application • Temperature . . . Nylon or Fortron • Sour Environment . . . Fortron • Damage to Outer Jacket does not Effect Product Integrity

  9. Tensile Performance

  10. Creep Performance

  11. Design Strength vs. Short Term Burst Strength

  12. Testing Standards • ASTM D 2513 Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe Not Fully Adequate • Reflects Poor Creep Properties of Polymers ASTM D1598 • Reinforced Polymer Tubing Enhanced with Creep Resistant Fiber • ASTM D2292 does not Reflect Excellent Fatigue Resistance of Thermoplastics and Aramid Fibers

  13. Advantages of Higher Pressure Lines

  14. Paraffin Testing No Evidence of Paraffin Adhesion On the Piping There is Adhesion to Unlined Metal Fittings

  15. CO2 Permeation(0%, 50% relative humidity) (50% relative humidity) (1) units = (109 * cm3 * cm) / (cm2 * s * bar) all data measured at independent laboratory

  16. Delivery of Tubing • Comes in Spools • Length Dependent Upon OD and Pressure Rating • Spools can be Broken Down after Use

  17. Couplings and Terminations • Couplings Swedged on Both Ends • Duplex Stainless Grade • Any Thread or Connection Available • Swedged in the Field or Plant

  18. Coupling Requirements • Couplings are Duplex Stainless or Plated Carbon Steel • Swedged in the Field • Flanged Connections Available

  19. Portable Coupling Machines • 55 KG • 1” to 3.5” Couplings • Hand Pump or Enerpac

  20. Installation Methods • Direct Bury • Continuous Plowing • Trenching • Pulled Through Existing Steel Pipe • Sizing Dependent Upon Restrictions in Steel • Pig with wire line and pull pipe

  21. Direct Bury • Plough, Continuous or Backhoe Trenching • Pre-trenched ditches = 2 Km per Hour • Pull Pipe off Stationary Spools • Savings: $5-6/ft Installed vs. Steel

  22. West Virginia Brine Disposal Line • 4.5” Thermoflex, 500PSI & 750PSI • 10ft. Spools for Shipping • Unwind or Drag Off

  23. Water Disposal Line • Spool Weight 2,500lbs • No Trench Padding

  24. Inserting In Steel Pipe • Pig Cable Through • Pull Pipe Back Through • Tensile Load Based Upon Drag • Capable of Multiple Kilometer Pulls

  25. Brine Disposal Example • 2,200bbl/day • 300psi Operating Pressure • 85C Operating Temperature • Ditched and Pulled in Pipe

  26. Installation Through Hills • Pull from Top to Bottom if Possible • No Special Backfilling Requirements • Utilize Load Cell to Limit Pull Force

  27. Multi Phase Flow Line • 2,500 bbl/day water • 100bbl/day Oil • 200MCF/day Gas • Pulled Through Existing Steel • 90C Operating Temp • 68 Bar Operating Pressure • Double Containment • H2S and Sand

  28. Gas Flow Line • 300MCF/day • 500psi Operating Pressure • 1.75” OD Pipe • Fortron Lined for Corrosion Issues

  29. Line Terminations • Threaded, Flanged or Welded Terminations • Couplings for Standard Sized Threads, Flanges or Pipe Sizes

  30. So Why Use Polymer Liners and Reinforced Tubing? • Rapid Installation Time and Reduced Cost • Enhanced Corrosion Resistance/ Hydrocarbon Resistance • Flexibility for Tight Applications • Reduced Pressure Drops

  31. Single or Multi-phase flow Comparison to Steel Smaller Diameter for Equal Pressure Drop Less Effects Due to Continuous Runs Modeling Gathering Lines 2 3/8” Steel Thermoflex

  32. Polymer Reinforced Downhole Tubing for Gas Wells

  33. Why Use Thermoflex® Tubing For Gas Wells? • Excellent Corrosion Resistance • Reduced Pressure Drop & Increased Gas Flow Rates without Excess Pressure Drop • Minimum Ongoing Maintenance • Ease of Installation

  34. Why Engineered Plastics Work • Higher Temperature Properties • Corrosion Resistance • Superior Surface Smoothness • Long Continuous Runs

  35. Why do Thermoflex Strings Enhance Gas Well De-Watering? • Thermal Insulation Properties of Plastic vs. Steel . . . 3.1 BTUin/hrft2F for Plastic vs 360 for Steel • Reduced Surface Roughness of Engineered Plastics vs. Steel • Steel Relative Roughness .005 • Thermoflex Relative Roughness .00005 • Material Compatibility of Polymers . . . • Enhanced Corrosion Resistance • Minimizes Buildups

  36. Interesting FindingsWell Energy Balance Velocity Thermal Transfer Exit Energy Couplings Gravity Friction Bottom Hole Energy

  37. Where is the Energy LostDye #2 Well @ 8ft/sec.

  38. Where is the Energy LostDye #2 Well @ 27ft/sec

  39. Pressure Drop 1 3/4 Thermoflex Steel Thermoflex

  40. Dead Weight Cone • Traps Majority of Gas Flow From Below • Minimizes Need to Build Casing Pressure • Mule Shoe for the Pipe Installation

  41. BP Mid-Continent Example • 1.75” Velocity String for 8,500 ft Well • Weight 3,440 lbs • Tensile Load to Break= 13,000lbs • Burst 2,700psi • Spoolable to 60” Hub

  42. Tensile Performance

  43. Change in Length vs. OD

  44. Reed A1 Performance

  45. What Constitutes a Good Candidate Well • Moderate Fluid Production (10MCF/bbl Fluid) • Lower Pressure Applications • Wells with Rapid Well Declines • Significant Corrosion Issues • CO2 • H2S

  46. Nodal Analysis for Candidates

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