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KM3NeT

KM3NeT. The next generation neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean. IDM/ TeVPA conference 23 28 June 2014, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Maarten de Jong on behalf of the KM3NeT collaboration. Introduction. KM3NeT is a new Research Infrastructure n etwork of cabled observatories

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KM3NeT

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  1. KM3NeT The next generation neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean IDM/TeVPA conference 2328 June 2014, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Maarten de Jong on behalf of the KM3NeT collaboration

  2. Introduction • KM3NeT is a new Research Infrastructure • network of cabled observatories • located in deep waters of Mediterranean Sea • hosting multi-km3neutrino telescope • Discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in Universe • interface between astrophysics and particle physics • pillar of multi-messenger approach • synergy with Earth & Sea sciences

  3. Astro-Particle Physics e + ge + g Electro-Magnetic p + pp+, p‒, p0 p±m±,nm ,ne Hadronic p0g g p n ? g particle identification!

  4. Detection principle wave front neutrino muon 1 2 3 4 5 ~ 100 m interaction ~ km time resolution 1 ns position resolution 10 cm angular resolution 0.1 deg

  5. Architecture 10100 Mb/s computer center 0.11 Tb/s shore station neutrino telescope KM3NeT remote operation remote access to data on off

  6. Design Launcher vehicle Optical module ~ 600 m 17” • 31 x 3” PMTs • low-power HV • LED & piezo inside • FPGA readout • White Rabbit • DWDM • rapid deployment • autonomous unfurling • recoverable

  7. PDF of light 3” PMT R = 50 m R = 100 m optical background R 1 TeV muon S/N ~102 Dt [ns] Dt [ns]

  8. 1st prototype April 2013 KM3NeT@Antares

  9. 1st prototype¶ atmospheric muons K40 random coincidences + data atmospheric muons + data (M ≥ 7) shadowing 50 40 30 Rate [Hz] Rate [a.u.] 20 10 0 PMT orientation [deg.] Multiplicity • photon counting • directionality ¶ http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.0839

  10. 2nd prototype

  11. 2nd prototype May 2014, KM3NeT-It online monitoring Time difference between optical modules Rate [Hz] number of events Atmospheric muons Atmospheric muons Dt [ms] Multiplicity

  12. Phased implementation ¶ Total costs ≡ Total cumulative costs.

  13. KM3NeT phase-1.5 Measurement of neutrino signal reported by IceCube

  14. IceCube

  15. Cascade analysis 1.0  cut & count • Online data filter • 5 (or more) coincidences between PMTs in same optical module (DT = 10 ns) • Event filter • number of hits ≥ 2000 • Vertex cut • veto atmospheric muons • Energy cut • total time-over-threshold≥ 15 ms • MRF/MDP cut • 2D cut based on Boosted Decision Tree & energy estimate

  16. 3.) Atmospheric muon veto cosmic neutrinos atmospheric muons z [m] R2 [103 m2] R2 [103 m2] detector volume vertex cut

  17. 5.) Signal / Noise atmospheric muons atmospheric neutrinos (tracks) atmospheric neutrinos (showers) cosmic neutrinos (tracks) cosmic neutrinos (showers) S events / 6 months BDT (topology of event)

  18. Sensitivity¶ 7 6 5 significance [s] 4 muon tracks 3 cascades 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 years ¶ Standard footprint; 30% better FOM with 30% larger inter-string distance.

  19. KM3NeT phase-2 Neutrino astronomy

  20. Galactic sources RXJ1713¶ (binned analysis) significance [s] Vela X§ RXJ1713-3946 Vela X years ¶ S.R. Kelner, et al., Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 034018. § F.L. Villante and F. Vissani, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 103007.

  21. Earth & Sea sciences short lived (rare) events dominate deep-sea life permanent observatory France Temperature Bioluminescence sudden Eddy currents time profile observatory food supply

  22. Addendum ORCA is a feasibility study for a measurement of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos with the KM3NeT research infrastructure • ORCA (and other detectors) can use same technology but with different topologies of the photo-sensor grid • ORCA (and other detectors) can be embedded in the KM3NeT research infrastructure at (relatively) low cost

  23. KM3NeT outlook Neutrino physics Neutrino astronomy 7 mn 6 5 ORCA +40 M€ Phase-2 +130170 M€ Phase-1.5 +5060 M€ 4 3 5 5 combined cascades tracks 2 4 4 3 3 significance [s] 1 2 muon tracks 2 RXJ1713 cascades 1 Vela X 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 years years years

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