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Anatomy of ear &diseases of external ear and acute otitis media

Anatomy of ear &diseases of external ear and acute otitis media. Prof. Abdulrahman Alsanosi Director of King Saud University fellowship of Otology-Neurotology King Abdulaziz University Hospital. ANATOMY OF THE EAR. EXTERNAL EAR. Auricle. External Canal. THE AURICLE. Perichondritis.

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Anatomy of ear &diseases of external ear and acute otitis media

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  1. Anatomy of ear &diseases of external ear and acute otitis media Prof. Abdulrahman Alsanosi Director of King Saud University fellowship of Otology-Neurotology King Abdulaziz University Hospital

  2. ANATOMY OF THE EAR

  3. EXTERNAL EAR Auricle External Canal

  4. THE AURICLE

  5. Perichondritis Erysipelas

  6. The External Auditory Canal

  7. The External Auditory Canal Lateral Third: Medial Two Thirds: • Cartilagenous • Hair follicles • Ceruminous glands • Sebacous glands • Bony • Develops after birth

  8. ANATOMY OF THE EAR • External Ear • Middle Ear Cleft • Inner Ear

  9. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian (Pharyngo-tympanic) Tube • Tympanum (Middle Ear Cavity) • Mastoid Antrum and Air Cells

  10. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian (Pharyngo-Tympanic) Tube

  11. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian (Pharyngo-Tympanic) tube • Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity)

  12. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall • Medial wall

  13. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY Tegmen • Roof • Floor

  14. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall

  15. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall Membrana flaccida Membrana Tensa

  16. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall Epitympanum(attic) Mesotympanum Hypotympanum

  17. WALLS OF TYMPANIC CAVITY • Roof • Floor • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral wall • Medial wall

  18. MIDDLE EAR CLEFT • Eustachian (Pharyngo-tympanic) Tube • Tympanic (Middle Ear) Cavity • Mastoid antrum and air cells

  19. Mastoid Antrum & Air cells

  20. Mastoid Antrum & Air cells

  21. CONTENTS OF MIDDLE EAR CAVITY • Air • Ossicles Malleus, Incus, & Stapes • Muscles Tensor Tympani & Stapedius • Nerves Chorda Tympani & Tympanic Plexus

  22. LINING OF MIDDLE EAR Mucous membrane : ciliated columnar anteriorly and cuboidal or flat elsewhere

  23. SENSARY SUPPLY OF MIDDLE AND EXTERNAL EAR • Cervical II & III ( great auricular and lessor occipital) • V cranial nerve ( auriculotemporal) • IX cranial nerve (tympanic or Jacobson’s) • X cranial nerve ( auricular or Arnold’s) • ? VII cranial nerve

  24. ANATOMY OF INNER EAR • Osseous Labyrinth • Bony Cochlea • Vestibule • Bony semicircular canals

  25. CONTENTS OF THE BONY LABYRINTH • Perilymph • Membranous labyrinth • Cochlear duct • Saccule and utricle • Membranous semicircular ducts

  26. CONTENTS OF MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH • Endolymph • Sensory epithelium • Cochlea: organ of Corti • Utricle & saccule: maculae • Semicircular canals:cristae

  27. INNER EAR SENSORY EPITHELIUM • Cochlea: organ of Corti • Utricle & saccule: maculae • Semicircular canals:cristae

  28. THE VESTIBULO-COCHLEAR NERVE

  29. CENTRAL CONNECTIONS OF COCHLEAR NERVE

  30. CENTRAL CONNECTIONS OF VESTIBULAR NERVE

  31. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR

  32. FUNCIONS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR • Protection of the middle ear • Curvature • Cerumen • Auditory functions: • Sound conduction • Increase sound pressure by the resonance function

  33. FUNCTIONS OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE Protection Ventilation Drainage

  34. FUNCIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR • Conduction of sound • Transformer mechanism • Hydraulic action • Ossicular leverage

  35. FUNCIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR • Conduction of sound • Transformer mechanism • Hydraulic action • Ossicular leverage • Protection to the inner ear • stapedial reflex

  36. FUNCIONS OF THE INNER EAR • Hearing Function: • Transduction of sound to action potentials

  37. FUNCIONS OF THE INNER EAR • Hearing Function: • Transduction of sound to action potentials • Vestibular Function: • Participate in maintaining body balance

  38. THE BALANCE SYSTEM

  39. THE BALANCE SYSTEM C. Cortex Cerebellum BRAIN-STEM

  40. THE BALANCE SYSTEM Vestibular Proprioceptive Visual INPUT C. Cortex Cerebellum BRAIN-STEM

  41. THE BALANCE SYSTEM Vestibular Proprioceptive Visual INPUT C. Cortex Cerebellum BRAIN-STEM OUTPUT Ocular muscles Postural muscles

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