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Properties of Matter: Volume, Mass, and Physical Properties

Learn about the properties of matter in Chapter 3, including volume, mass, weight, and physical properties such as density. Understand how to measure the volume of liquids and identify physical changes.

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Properties of Matter: Volume, Mass, and Physical Properties

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  1. Properties of Matter Chapter 3 Preview Section 1 What Is Matter? Section 2Physical Properties Section 3Chemical Properties Concept Map

  2. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Bellringer Look at the two similarly sized objects at the front of the room. One is cube-shaped and one is irregularly shaped. How could you determine the amount of space that each object occupies? How could you test this hypothesis? Write your answers in your Science Journal.

  3. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 What You Will Learn • All matter has volume and mass. • Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object. • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. • Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.

  4. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • Matter can be described in terms of its volume, mass, and weight.

  5. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Matter and Volume • The amount of space that an object occupies is known as volume. • Volume is a measure of the size of a body in three-dimensional space. • The liter (L) is the SI unit for volume. In our class, we will typically use milliliters (ml).

  6. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Matter and Volume, continued • The meniscus is the curve at a liquid’s surface. • For most liquids, volume should be measured from the lowest point of the meniscus. • The volume of any solid object is expressed in cubic units.

  7. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Matter and Volume, continued • Cubic meters (m3) and cubic centimeters (cm3) are the units used for the volume of solid things. • To find the volume of regularly shaped objects, use formulas. For example, to find the volume of a cube or another rectangular object, multiply the length times the width times the height.

  8. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Matter and Volume, continued • The process of pushing water out of the way is called displacement. • To find the volume of an irregularly shaped solid object, use water displacement. • The volume of water displaced by an object is equal to the object’s volume.

  9. Properties of Matter Chapter 3 Measuring the Volume of Liquids

  10. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Matter and Mass • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. • The terms mass and weight do not mean the same thing. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object. • An object’s weight can change depending on its location in the universe.

  11. Section 1 What Is Matter? Chapter 3 Matter and Mass, continued • The SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg). • Weight is expressed in newtons (N).

  12. Properties of Matter Chapter 3

  13. Section 2 Physical Properties Chapter 3 Bellringer Read the definition of density on page 85 in your textbook. Find examples in the classroom of objects that have a small amount of matter in a given space, and objects that have a large amount of matter in a given space. Write your answers in your Science Journal.

  14. Section 2 Physical Properties Chapter 3 What You Will Learn • Examples of physical properties are melting temperature, density, hardness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. • Density is the amount of matter in a given space or volume. • A physical change does not change the identity of the matter that undergoes the change. • Melting, freezing, cutting, bending, and dissolving are physical changes.

  15. Section 2 Physical Properties Chapter 3 Identifying Physical Properties • A physical property of matter is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity. • Examples of physical properties are melting temperature, density, hardness, thermal conductivity (heat transfer), and electrical conductivity.

  16. Section 2 Physical Properties Chapter 3 Identifying Physical Properties, continued • Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance. • The units most often used for density are grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) for solids and grams per milliliter (g/ml) for liquids.

  17. Section 2 Physical Properties Chapter 3 Identifying Physical Properties, continued • The density of a given substance remains the same no matter how much of the substance you have. • Density can be used to identify substances because the density of a substance is constant at a given pressure and temperature.

  18. Section 2 Physical Properties Chapter 3 Identifying Physical Properties, continued • Knowing the density of a substance can tell you if the substance will float or sink in water. • If the density of an object is less than the density of water, the object will float. An object whose density is greater than the density of water will sink.

  19. Properties of Matter Chapter 3

  20. Section 2 Physical Properties Chapter 3 Physical Changes: No New Substances • A physical change is a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties. • Physical changes include dissolving, cutting, bending, freezing, and melting. • Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter.

  21. Section 3 Chemical Properties Chapter 3 Bellringer Look at Figure 1 on page 90 in your textbook. The rust shown in Figure 1 is formed when iron and oxygen interact chemically. What do you think the word “interact” means in this context? Write your answer in your Science Journal.

  22. Section 3 Chemical Properties Chapter 3 What You Will Learn • Examples of chemical properties are reactivity and flammability. • A chemical change is the process by which a substance changes into a new substance. • Chemical changes usually liberate or absorb heat.

  23. Section 3 Chemical Properties Chapter 3 Identifying Chemical Properties • A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance. • Reactivity and flammability are chemical properties. • Chemical properties are not as easy to observe as physical properties.

  24. Properties of Matter Chapter 3 Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

  25. Section 3 Chemical Properties Chapter 3 Chemical Changes and New Substances • A chemical change is a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties. • Chemical changes and chemical properties are not the same. Chemical changes are processes by which substances change into new substances. Chemical properties describe which chemical changes can and cannot happen to that substance.

  26. Section 3 Chemical Properties Chapter 3 Chemical Changes and New Substances, continued • The signs of a chemical change include a change in color or odor, fizzing and foaming, sound or light being given off, and changes in temperature. • When matter undergoes a chemical change, its identity changes. So most chemical changes are irreversible.

  27. Properties of Matter Chapter 3

  28. Section 3 Chemical Properties Chapter 3 Physical Versus Chemical Changes • Composition is the type of matter that makes up the object and the arrangement of the matter in the object. • Physical changes do not change matter’s composition. Chemical changes do alter matter’s composition.

  29. Section 3 Chemical Properties Chapter 3 Physical Versus Chemical Changes, continued • Many physical changes are easily reversed. They do not change the composition of the substance. • Most chemical changes are not easily reversed.

  30. Properties of Matter Chapter 3 Comparing Physical and Chemical Changes

  31. Properties of Matter Chapter 3 Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.

  32. Properties of Matter Chapter 3 Concept Map

  33. Properties of Matter Chapter 3 Concept Map

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