Characteristics of animals

1. Characteristics of animals • Animals are multicelled • Animals are heterotrophs • Animals require oxygen • Animals reproduce sexually sometimes asexually • Animals are motile during some part of life • Animals go through embryonic development

2. Key words about animals • Dorsal, Ventral, Anterior, Posterior • Symmetry • Asymmetric, Radial, Bilateral • Tissue layers • Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm • Body Cavity • Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate

4. Invertebrates – Animals without a notochord (“spine”) • Phyla • Porifera • Cnidaria • Platyhelminthes • Nematoda • Annelida • Mollusca • Arthropoda (classes: Arachnida, Crustacea, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Insecta) • Echinodermata

6. Porifera • Sponges • Asymmetry – not symmetrical on any level. • Many pores (Openings) called Ostia • No Organs or Tissues Characteristics

7. Cnidarians • Characteristics: • Radial Symmetry – in most • Cells work together to form TISSUES – no organs • Stinging cells called nematocysts • 2 body forms 1. Polyp 2. Medusa • Jellyfish • Corals

9. Cnidarians Continued

10. WORMS • Platyhelminthes-Flat Worms • Characteristicsa. no segments – flatb. no respiratory or circulatory systemsc. most parasitic

11. Worms Continued 2. Nematoda- Round Worms Characteristics:a. simple nervous systemb. no segments – round*90,000 in one rotting apple. “hook” of a hook worm Checking for pin worms!

12. Worms continued. • Annelida-a. many systems (circulatory, excretory..)b. Setae –hairsc. segmented body

13. Sea Scallop Mollusca Octopus Land Snail Squid Oyster + Pearl Slug

14. Mollusca Continued: • Characteristics: • Many systems (Digestive, circulatory, Reproductive, respiratory..) • Soft body (many with shells-or mantle) • Radula (scraping tongue)

15. Phylum Arthropoda • Crustaceans • Arachnids • Insects • Centipedes + Millipedes Common Characteristics of all Arthropods • Exoskeleton – hard outer covering – usually made of chitin • Segmented bodies • Jointed appendages • Open Circulatory System – organs are bathed in blood. • Bilateral Symmetry • Sexual Reproduction

16. Phylum Arthropoda (Class Crustaceans) • Characteristics • 2 body sections – Head + abdomen • Many systems • Many have claws • Many live in Marine environments. • Hard outer shell (chitin) • Lobster • Shrimp • Crabs

17. Crustacea Continued

18. Phylum Arthropoda: Classes Chilopoda & Diplopoda • Centipedes – Chilopoda • One pair of legs per segment (2 legs) • Meat eaters (eat other arthropods) • Poisonous – many have poison glands for hunting and killing predators. • Millipedes – Diplopoda • Two pair of legs per segment (4 legs) • Herbivores- Eat plant material

19. Phyum Arthropoda: Class Arachnids • Characteristics: • 2 body parts • Cephalothorax (contains head and limb area) • Abdomen – reproductive and other organ systems. • 4 pairs of legs • Lay eggs or give birth to live young. • Book Lungs – In-between lungs and gills • Spiders • Mites • Ticks • Scorpions

20. Arachnids Continued

21. Phylum Arthropoda – Class Insecta • Most adult insects have the following characteristics: • A body divided into three parts (head, thorax and abdomen) • Three pairs of legs • Usually one pair of antennae and a pair of compound eyes (a few exceptions to these characteristics are found) • Usually two pairs of wings (absent in many insects such as lice, fleas, ants; flies have one pair of wings) • Most have young that look completely different from the adult. METAMORPHASIS • Butterflies • Ants • Bees

22. Insects Continued

24. Echinoderms: Spiny Skin • Starfish • Sand Dollars • Sea Urchins • Characteristics: • Spiny Skin • Bilateral symmetry as a larvae Radial Symmetry as adults • Water Vascular System- for movement using tube feet

25. Echinodermata Continued