Arab-Israeli Conflict Background

1. 0 Arab-Israeli Conflict Background

3. 0 1800 to 1500 BCE Semitic people known as the Hebrews settle area known today as Israel

4. 0 1000 BCE King David unites 12 tribes, creates Kingdom of Israel Son Solomon builds 1st Temple

5. 0 1st and 2nd Century-start of Jewish Diaspora (scattering of a homogenous people) Other ethnic & religious groups dominate area

6. 0 300 CE Christianity becomes dominant religion of area

7. 0 650 CE Islam becomes dominant religion of region

8. 0 1500s Area conquered by Ottoman Empire & becomes known as Palestine Palestine – name given by the Romans to the area along the Mediterranean Sea (presently known as Israel & Jordan)

9. 0 As a reaction to anti-Semitism, Zionism (movement to create Jewish homeland) begins in the 1880s Theodore Herzl 

10. 0 1920s British gain control of Palestine as a result of WWI – Balfour Declaration Balfour Declaration British agreement that there should be a homeland for the Jewish people but not at the expense of the Palestinian’s home

11. “His Majesty’s government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people… it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine.”

12. 0 1939-1945 WWII; 6 million European Jews killed during the Holocaust

13. 0 1945-1947 Huge migration of Jews into Palestine

14. 0 1947 – 1948 UN proposes partition into Arab Palestine & Jewish Israel w/ Jerusalem under international control; Partition – divide into parts

15. Arab state International Zone(Jerusalem)Jewish state

16. The Jewish people accepted the proposal, but the Arabs did not Palestinian – Arab people that live in the area known as Palestine Arab-Israeli Conflict – the debate between Arabs (including Palestinians) and Zionists about whether or not the region should be Palestine and Arab or Israel and Jewish.

17. 0 1948 State of Israel created; war breaks out

18. UN Plan &After 1948-49 War

19. In 48-49 War: - Israel grew • Egypt took • the Gaza Strip • Jordan took • the West Bank

20. In 1956 Suez War: - Israel took Gaza Strip and Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula

21. After Suez War: - Israel gave back the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip

22. In 1967 Six Day War: • Israel took West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula and Syria’s Golan Heights

23. In 1973 Yom Kippur War: • Israel pushed back invasion by Egypt and Syria

24. Some Attempts at Peace Camp David – 1978 • Egypt, Israel, US • Sadat, Begin, Carter • Egypt recognized Israel, Israel gave back Sinai Peninsula, Sadat assassinated

26. Menachem Begin, Israel

27. Anwar Sadat, Egypt

28. Jimmy Carter, U.S.

29. Oslo Accords – 1993-4 • Palestinians, Israel • Arafat, Rabin • Clinton • 1st talks between Israel & Palestinians, idea of a Palestine, Rabin assassinated

31. Yasser Arafat, Palestinian

32. Yitzhak Rabin, Israel

33. Recent Developments • The peace process fell apart • The Palestinians fractured after Arafat’s death • Israel has built a barrier around Palestinian areas • Israel has clashed with Hamas in Gaza and Hezbollah in Lebanon

34. Issues to Resolve in Arab-Israeli Conflict

35. Who should get the land? Reasons the Arabs think it should be Palestine… • It was promised to them during WWI • They were already living there

36. Who should get the land? Reasons Jewish people think it should be Israel… • It is where they originally come from • They needed a safe place to live (homeland)

37. Where should the new borders be drawn? • Israel has built many settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

38. What should happen to the Palestinian refugees? • Over 500,000 refugees fled or were forced to leave • Many went to UN camps in nearby Arab countries • Supposed to be temporary

39. Who should get Jerusalem? • Both sides want Jerusalem to be their capital.

40. How can Israeli security be balanced with Palestinianfreedom of movement?

41. Will Hamas and Hezbollah accept a peace plan?