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ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT. WHAT IS THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT?. Conflict between Israel and Arabs (mostly Muslim) over land in Palestine (many of the Arabs are referred to as Palestinians)

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ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

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  1. ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

  2. WHAT IS THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT? • Conflict between Israel and Arabs (mostly Muslim) over land in Palestine (many of the Arabs are referred to as Palestinians) • Many Arabs/Palestinians are angry about the creation of Israel and seek to create their own nation (state) in the area • some Arabs/Palestinians want the destruction of Israel, some are willing to accept the existence of Israel

  3. ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT cont. PALESTINE • Term referring to the area between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River • Jews consider it their homeland (Biblical Times) • Zionism– Movement for the creation and support of a Jewish state/country (Israel) • Palestinians who have been living there for many years also claim the land

  4. ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT cont. • Balfour Declaration – In 1917 the British government declared that it would support the creation of a Jewish state (country) • 1947 – The land of Palestine is divided between Jews and Palestinians (Jewish population is happy, Palestinians and Arabs are furious, why?) • Creation of Israel – in 1948 David Ben-Gurion became the first Prime Minister of the newly born country, Israel • On the next day Arab countries (Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Transjordan, Egypt ) launched an attack on the new country, Israel won

  5. ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT cont. • Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) – created in 1964 with the goals of eliminating Israel and creating a country for Palestinians (Yasser Arafat became the leader) • 6 Days War – In 1967 Israel attacked Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (they feared an attack by Arab nations) Israel took: • Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt • Golan Heights from Syria • West Bank from Jordan

  6. ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT cont. • Camp David Accords – In 1979 Egypt and Israel signed a treaty in which Egypt recognized (acknowledged) Israel’s right to exist and Israel gave back the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

  7. MAP OF ISRAEL AFTER THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1949)

  8. MAP OF ISRAEL AFTER THE 6-DAY WAR (1967)

  9. ISRAEL TODAY

  10. A/I CONFLICT 1. BALFOUR DECLARATION 2. Hezbollah 3. SIX DAYS WAR 4. 1973 WAR (YOM KIPPUR WAR) 5. ISRAELI WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE (1948) 6. CAMP DAVID ACCORDS 7. Gaza Strip 8. Golan Heights 9. West Bank • Hamas • Creation of PLO

  11. Crossword Puzzle Song/Poem (11) 2-4 Paragraph Essay (11) Other/Use your imagination (11) 11Question Multiple Choice Quiz with an answer key Pictorial Timeline (11) 11 Question Multiple Choice Quiz with an Answer Key Crossword Puzzle SONG/POEM (11)

  12. NATIONALISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST • European countries controlled much going on in first ½ of 20th century • Many Arab people wanted to create their own, independent nations • Nationalism video • Egypt’s anthem

  13. ARAB INDEPENDENCE • In the first 50 years of the 20th century several countries gained independence from outsiders • Pan-Arabism – movement aimed at building closer cultural and political ties among Arabs (grew strong during the 1940s) • Arab League – formed in 1945 to unify the Arab World

  14. GULF WAR • When was it? • Who fought? • Why was it fought? • Who was the leader of our enemy? • Who was our president?

  15. PERSIAN GULF WAR • In 1990 Iraq’s President, Saddam Hussein, sent Iraqi forces into the small country ofKuwait • Hussein claimed that: • Kuwait was really part of Iraq • Kuwait was stealing oil • Kuwait over-producing oil (driving down the price) • Kuwait was “unfair” in demanding to be repaid money it lent to Iraq • He was hoping to increase Iraqi power/influence

  16. PERSIAN GULF WAR cont. • Saudi Arabia asked the U.S. for help because they feared Iraq might attack them too • The U.S., plus many other nations, including Arab nations, sent forces to Saudi Arabia • Iraq crossed into Kuwait and the international force warned them to get out or else (Iraq didn’t leave) • January, 1991 – U.S. bombs Baghdad, capital of Iraq

  17. GEORGE H. BUSH Norman Schwarzkopf

  18. PERSIAN GULF WAR cont. • Iraq launched missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel and set fire to oil fields in Kuwait • Coalition forces moved into Kuwait and Iraq and defeated the Iraqi forces in less than 100 hours • The war was over by March 1, 1991

  19. RESULTS OF THE WAR • Coalition forces left Iraq 2. Hussein remained in power • Hussein crushed groups that used the war as a chance to rebel against him 4. Rebuilding stocks of chemical and biological weapons???

  20. TERRORISM Define terrorism in your own words.

  21. TERRORISM • the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes. • Often target civilians and the goal is to spread FEAR/TERROR

  22. TERRORISM : WHO AND WHY? T C V

  23. Why have terrorists attacked America? (BRAINSTORM AS MANY REASONS YOU CAN THINK OF)

  24. OUR SUPPORT OF ISRAEL (think about the Arab/Israeli Conflict) INVOLVEMENT IN PAST WARS (ex. First Gulf War) TROOPS STATIONED IN CERTAIN COUNTRIES (currently have troops in Afghanistan and Iraq among many other places) ECONOMIC POLICIES 5. SPREAD OF AMERICAN CULTURE IN THE ME 6. BELIEVE “WESTERN” CULTURE IS DESTROYING THEIR CULTURE

  25. Fundamentalism • a movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles

  26. 9/11

  27. 9/11NYC

  28. 9/11Pentagon

  29. 9/11PA

  30. 9/11 Memorial Website • The official 9/11 Memorial’s website has an amazingly well crafted timeline of the events of 9/11. 9/11 Timeline

  31. 9/11 Targets: WHY? • NYC World Trade Center – Economics • Pentagon – Foreign Policy • Flight 93 – White House, Capitol Building??

  32. Results of 9/11 • U.S. invaded Afghanistan (2001-present) • U.S. invaded Iraq (2003-2011) • Al Qaeda has continued to launch smaller attacks around the world • Al Qaeda’s ability to function has been greatly diminished

  33. War in Afghanistan (2001-present) • Following 9/11, it became clear that the Taliban had allowed al Qaeda to live and train in Afghanistan.

  34. Who are the Taliban? • Extreme Islamic Fundamentalists • Came to power in 1996 • Imposed strict Islamic rule with harsh punishment • EX: females couldnot attend school Islamic Police Beating a woman in Kabul during Taliban rule

  35. Osama bin Laden – leader of Al-Qaeda • Born in Saudi Arabia • Stripped of his citizenship by Saudi Arabia during the 1990s • Lived in Sudan until he was kicked out in 1998 • Then given safe haven by the Taliban in Afghanistan • It was here that he (al Qaeda) planned 9/11

  36. U.S. vs. Taliban/al Qaeda • 2001: U.S. invaded Afghanistan in order to destroy al Qaeda • Taliban protected al Qaeda • U.S. declared it would also remove the Taliban

  37. War in Afghanistan • Today, the U.S. continues to battle the Taliban • Taliban continues to fight in Afghanistan, but is also hiding in Pakistan • Osama bin Laden was killed in Pakistan (2011) • 60 Minutes: Oct. 2011

  38. 60 Minutes – YouTube Links • 60 Minutes: Combat in Afghanistan (Sep 2009) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZDonqtAf-8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • 60 Minutes: Running the War (Oct 2011) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xta2bM_npuE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • 60 Minutes: Killing bin Laden (2012) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMlfhlzs67E&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  39. Following 9/11 . . . • President Bush pushed for an invasion of Iraq • WHY? • WMDS? (Nukes, Bio, Chem) • Al Qaeda connection? • Many other nations wanted more of an investigation before invading Iraq • U.S. invaded in March, 2003 • Remember, we were already in Afghanistan.

  40. Iraq War (2003-2011) • Saddam Hussein was easily defeated (2003) & later executed (2006) • No WMDs were found • No connection to al Qaeda was found • Anti-American insurgency lasted long after Hussein was executed • Fighting among different Iraqi groups continues to this day • A (shaky) democratic government does exist in Iraq • American troops left Iraq in 2011

  41. Iraq War Timeline • http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876 • Answer the provided questions about the War in Iraq (2003-2011) life. ANSWER COMPLETELY. • THIS IS NOT HOMEWORK. • This will be collected and graded for accuracy. • It is worth 33 points. (3 points for each question)

  42. Arab Spring2010-present

  43. Mohamed Bouazizi Why did this man set himself on fire? What effect did it have on the Arab World? • Time Magazine – Mohamed Bouazizi • http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2044723,00.html • Guardian Timeline of Arab Spring • http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline Mohamed Bouazizi Tunisian Street Vendor

  44. Causes of the Arab Spring • We will read a report on this subject together. • We will talk to the text together. • GOAL: Make a list of causes of the Arab Spring • Link to Article: • http://fcohrdreport.readandcomment.com/the-arab-spring/the-causes-of-the-arab-spring/

  45. Arab Spring:Tunisia • Government overthrown on Jan. 14, 2011. • President Zine el Abidine Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia  exile. • Transitional elections held on Oct. 23, 2011.

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