Welcome to Science 71

1. Welcome to Science 71 January 8, 2010 (#80) Need: Books/Notebooks

2. Objective • Continue to Build a better understanding of Electric and Magnetic Field behaviors • Describe the relationships among the three components of electricity.

3. Agenda – Based upon Priority Tesla Electricity Part 5 Video Bell Work - #6,7 Battery Video (Car, Lith) Go Over Ohm’s Law Go Over Exit Card If time allows – #8 Light Bulb Video Work on Concept Layer Due Friday B2 Circuitry (Series and Parallel) Vocabulary Puzzle (Show me UR Done)

4. Tesla Electricity Video • The Fourth Video on Tesla (5/5) • Modern Marvels • Electricity Madman

5. Bell Work Please complete the Character Analysis worksheet. Be it the Venn diagram, or the Triangle side. Fill it in to the best of your ability. We then will put ourselves into groups to discuss our results.

6. Bell Work If we use Ohm’s Law I = V/R And we increase the Voltage, we know that the Current also increase. What evidence can we use to observe this? How about the brightness of the bulbs?

7. Ohm’s Law • Expression • Current = Voltage Resistance • Equation • I = V/R • Also written as: V=IR R=V/I

8. Ohm’s Law As the Voltage increases, so does the Current Ex. I = V/R = 1.5v / 1.5 ohms = 1 amp = V/R = 3.0v / 1.5 ohms = 2 amps This statement is Directly Proportionate when comparing Voltage and Current

9. Ohm’s Law As the Resistance increases, the Current decreases Ex. I = V/R = 3.0v / 1.5 ohms = 2 amps = V/R = 3.0v / 3.0 ohms = 1 amp This statement is Inversely Proportionate when comparing Resistance and Current

10. Electricity Video • Electricity Videos • #5 Alkaline Batteries • #6 Car Batteries • #7 Lithium Batteries • #8 Incandescent Light Bulbs

11. Magnetic Domains Most metals have domains that are randomly placed Being magnetized arranges the domains into one direction Screw driver rubbed on a magnet becomes magnetic

12. Resistance Resistance is related to length and thickness of wire!!! A measure of how difficult it is for electrons to flow in a material, unit of Ohms. Light bulbs work off the idea that there are so many electrons moving through such a small wire, there is friction, causing heat. High resistance

13. Circuit Symbols Lamp/Light bulb Battery Cell Switch Resistance

14. Circuitry A closed loop is considered a Circuit. There are 2 types; Series and Parallel

15. Series Circuit Circuit arranged with resistance (Light bulbs) placed one after another in ONE continuous loop with a power source Lights will go out with one out

16. Parallel Circuit Circuit arranged with resistances (light bulbs) placed on connecting bridge wires. Electricity will take the path of least resistance Lights will remain on with one out

17. Generator A device that can convert kinetic energy into electrical energy

18. Electric Field Surrounds every electric charge and exerts a force (Magnetically)

19. Effects of Electric Field Compass, Battery, Wires. When electricity passes through the wires, electrons are moving. This moving electric charge creates a magnetic field This field can interact with the magnetic field of the compass Right hand rule Compass Videos

20. Electric Discharge The rapid movement of excess charge from one point to another. Page 13 Read statements under pictures

21. Grounding Process by which a path is created from an area of potential electric discharge and directed into the ground (Earth) Look around house.

22. Electric Current Direct Current (DC) Alternating Current (AC) Flow of electric charge In solids, flow is electrons In liquids, flow is Ions DC (Batteries) AC (Generators)

23. Bell Work Which type of Electric Current do you think flows out of the sockets in your house? A. ACB. DC C. Not sure

24. Atoms are comprised of Electrons and Protons, and most times Neutrons. Nucleus held together by Strong Nuclear Force Protons=(+) Electrons=(-) Neutrons = (

25. What level is Electricity? Hierarchy of Matter -Compound or Pure Substance -Molecule -Atomic Level (Atoms) (Electricity) -Sub Atomic (Protons, Neutrons, Electrons) -Quarks -Strings (Energy)

26. Attraction Materials that are opposite = attract Materials that are like = repel Static Electricity – Is a build up of Electrons Charge from atoms.

28. Vocabulary Extra • Nissan LEAF • 1st mass produced all electric capable car. • 100 miles per charge • 90 mph • 26 minutes (80% charge FAST CHARGE) • 4-8 hours (100% 220V) • 16-18 hours (100% 110V)

29. Nissan's Leaf Claims 367 MPG - Is It Better Than The Chevy Volt? • Q:Since the Leaf solely runs on electricity, would charging from home dramatically increase my electricity bill? • A:Based on a US average of $0.11/kWh, a full charge will cost about $2.75. It could be even less, if your area has time-of-use rates and you charge at off-peak hours. • Q:How much performance will be lost when battery is drained? Would I have to crawl my last 25 miles? My electric drill does that. • A:To help you reach a charge point, the LEAF will change its output to extend your range when the battery gets low. • Q:its great to cut down on vehicle emissions, but shouldn't i worry about the power plant used to generate the electricity too • A:Even in its dirtiest form, the grid is 60% cleaner than gas. And it will get cleaner over time, unlike gas.

30. Vocabulary Puzzle Help • Ion • An atom that is positively or negatively charged. • Charged b/c the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons • Sodium becomes Positive by losing An electron. To be balanced it Needs a negative Electron.

31. Rules and Names • An anion (an-eye-on), from the Greek word ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up', is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged). • Conversely, a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; cat-eye-on), from the Greek word κατά (kata), meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons than electrons.

32. Ionic Bonding When two atoms can share their non-filled shells, they can be attracted and bonded

33. Voltage A measure of the amount of electrical potential energy an electron flowing in a circuit can gain, in volts As you can see, the voltage is like a piston which pushes the "fluid" through a pipe.