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FINAL REPORT

This report presents the results of monitoring rice planthopper populations in Northern Vietnam, highlighting the impacts of climate change on pest severity and agricultural production. The study examines the population dynamics of different planthopper species and provides insights for pest management and adaptation strategies.

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FINAL REPORT

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  1. FINAL REPORT

  2. I. Introduction Climate changes have severely affected agricultural production worldwide. Vietnam has a long coastline of 3260 km along the country, tropical monsoon climate, considered as one of the most vulverable countries by climate changes. It is estimated that in 2100, the temperate will increase by 2.3 -30C, rainfall 2-7% and sea level rise 57-75 cm, compared to the average range of 1980-1999. WorldBank has classified Vietnam as one of the five Asian countries which will face food security in near future. Climate changes have impacts on the pest status as pest population/density are largely influenced by temperate and humidity. Climate changes will possibly increase pest severity, farming practice and global migration of exotic pests. Riceplanthoppers have long distance immigration capcity.

  3. Objectives 1. Long term objectives Monitoring population density of rice planthoppers in Northern Vietnam, for management of rice hopper migration and rice viruses in Vietnam. 2. Short term objectives • Numbers of rice planthoppers catches by light traps in Northern Vietnam • Seasonal population density of rice planthopper in the field in Northern Vietnam • Biological and ecological characteristics of vegetables insect pests and related viruses in Northern Vietnam

  4. ACTIVITIES AND METHODOLOGY Activities for 2015-2016 1. Monitoring rice planthopper densities, assessing damage caused by rice planthoppers in Hung Yen and Thai Binh 2. Recording number of rice planthopper captured by ligh traps in Hung yen and Thai Binh provinces 3. Biological and ecological characteristics of vegetables insect pests and related viruses in Northern Vietnam Materials • Materials used for collecting specimens: yellow trap, light trap, insect net, specimen jar, absolute alcohol, plastic bag….

  5. METHODOLOGY 1. Methods Monitoring rice planthopper densities, assessing damage caused by rice hoppers in Hung Yen and Thai Binh • Number of study sites: 3 paddies/location. • Interval: weekly • Time: from transplanting (sowing) to harvesting • Survey method: use yellow trap (15 cm x 25 cm), on each study site, 5 survey plots were selected on 2 crossed lines, beating 30 rice clusters/plot on a yellow trap. Number of rice hoppers caught by light trap: light trap dimension as the convential light trap used by PPRI. The trap was placed at the study site. The light was on from 6pm to 6 am. Rice planthoppers were collected and classified daily. 2. Data analysis Data were transformed to individual/m2 according to the standard methods

  6. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

  7. 3.1. Results for rice 3.1.1. Population dynamic of rice planthoppers in the summer crop 2015 and in the spring 2016 Figure 1: Population dynamics of white backed planthopper in Thai Binh in rice summer season 2015 Figure 2: Population dynamics of Brown planthopper in Thai Binh in rice summer season 2015

  8. Figure 3: Population dynamics of white backed planthopper in Thai Binh in rice spring season 2016 Figure 4: Population dynamics of Brown planthopper in Thai Binh in rice rice spring season 2016.

  9. Figure 5: Population dynamics of white backed planthopper in Hung Yen in rice summer season 2015 Figure 6: Population dynamics of Brown planthopper in Hung Yen in rice summer season 2015

  10. Figure 7: Population dynamics of white backed plant hopper in Hung Yen in rice spring season 2016 Figure 8: Population dynamics of Brown planthopperin Hung Yen in rice spring season 2016

  11. Rice planthopper light trap catches in 2015 - 2016 Figure 9. Number of BPH caught by light traps in Hung Yen province in rice summer season 2015 Figure 10. Number of WBPH caught by light traps in Hung Yen province in rice summer season 2015

  12. Figure 11. Number of WBPH caught by light traps in Hung Yen province in rice spring season 2016 Figure 12. Number of BPH caught by light traps in Hung Yen province in rice spring season 2016

  13. Figure 13. Number of WBPH caught by light traps in Thai Binh province in rice summer season 2015 Figure 14. Number of BPH caught by light traps in Thai Binh province in rice summer season 2015

  14. Figure 15. Number of WBPH caught by light traps in Thai Binh province in rice spring season 2016 Figure 16. Number of BPH caught by light traps in Thai Binh province in rice spring season 2016

  15. Economic efficiency of the rice IPM demonstration Table 1: Pesticide application records in Hung Yen

  16. Table 2: Economic efficiency of the demonstration in Hung Yen

  17. Table 3: pesticide application records in Thai Binh

  18. Table 4: Economic efficiency of the demonstration in Thai Binh

  19. Determining common insect pests and related viruses on vegetables in Thai Binh and Hung Yen. Table 5: Broccoli insect pest and disease checklist in Hung Yen 2015 Note: very rare:  5% of total observations (-) Rare: 5-20% of total observations (+) Intermediate: 21-50% of total observations (++) Common:  50% of total observations (+++)

  20. Table 6: Insect pest density and disease infection levelonbroccoli in Hung Yen in 2015

  21. Table 7: Economic efficiency of broccoli IPM demonstration based on the plant protection cost (Hưng Yên, in 2015)

  22. Table 8: Bean insect pest and disease checklist in Hung Yen in 2015 Note: very rare: 5% of total observations (-) Rare: 5-20% of total observations (+) Intermediate: 21-50% of total observations (++) Common: 50% of total observations (+++)

  23. Table 9: Insect pest density and disease infection level on beans in Hung Yen, 2015

  24. Table 10: Economic efficiency based on plant protection between bean IPM demonstration and farmers; practice in Hung Yen, 2015. Note: pesticide cost: 400.000 vnd/spray/ha Spraying labour cost: 5 unit/ha/spray: vnd 100.000/unit

  25. Table 11: Winter melon insect pest and disease checklist in Hung Yen, 2015 Note: very rare:  5% of total observations(-) Rare: 5-20% of total observations (+) Intermediate: 21-50% of total observations (++) Common:  50% of total observations(+++)

  26. Table 12: Density and infestationlevel of majorpestson Winter melon in Hung Yen, 2015

  27. Table 13: Economic efficiency based on plant protection between winter melon IPM demonstration and farmers; practice in Hung Yen, 2015. Note: pesticide cost: 400.000 vnd/spray/ha Spraying labour cost: 5 unit/ha/spray: vnd 100.000/unit

  28. Table 14: Cucumber insect pest and disease checklist in Hung Yen in 2015 Note: very rare:  5% of total observations(-) Rare: 5-20% of total observations (+) Intermediate: 21-50% of total observations (++) Common:  50% of total observations (+++)

  29. Table 15: Density and infestationlevel of majorpestsoncucumber in Hung Yen, 2015

  30. Table 16: Economic efficiency based on plant protection between cucumber IPM demonstration and farmers’ practice (Hưng Yên, năm 2015). Note: pesticide cost: 350.000 vnd/spray/ha Spraying labour cost: 5 unit/ha/spray: vnd 80.000/unit

  31. Table 17: Cucumber yield in IPM demonstration in Hung Yen, in 2015

  32. Common insect pests and diseases on vegetable in Thai Binh Table 18: Tomato, cabbage and cucumber varieties surveyed in Thai Binh, 2015.

  33. Table 19: Major vegetable insects and diseases in Thai Binh, winter spring 2015-2016.

  34. Table 20: Fertiliser amount applied for vegetables in the tomato, cucumber, cabbage safe production demonstrations in Thai Binh 2015-2016

  35. Table 20 (more): Fertiliser amount applied for vegetables in the tomato, cucumber, cabbage safe production demonstrations in Thai Binh 2015-2016

  36. Table 21: Number of spray/season, and pesticide types applied in the tomato, cucumber and cabbage safe produciton demonstrations in Thái Bình, 2015-2016

  37. Table 22: Economic efficiency based on pesticide application cost between demonstration and farmers’ practice in Thai Binh, in 2015-2016. Note: pesticide cost: 300.000 vnd/spray/ha Spraying labour cost: 5 unit/ha/spray: vnd 70.000/unit

  38. Table 23: Yield of vegetables in safe produciton demonstration in Thai Binh, 2015-2016

  39. Table 24: Insect pest density and disease infection level on tomato, winter-spring 2016

  40. Table 25: Insect pest density and disease infection level on cucumber, winter-spring 2015

  41. Table 26: Insect density and disease infection percentage on cabbage ,2015.

  42. CONCLUSION In Thai Binh, summer-autumn season 2015 and spring 2016, WBPH peaked at tillering stage and booting stage, reaching 528 individual/m2; 248 individual/m2, respectively; BPH peaked at tillering and flowering stages, reaching 985.2 individual/m2; 352.0 individual/m2. In Hung Yen, WBPH reach 321.8 individual/m2; 385.6 individual/m2, BPH 805.4 individual/m2; 243.4 individual/m2 Number of WBPH caught by light trap peaked in early September and May. BPH peaked in mid October, and late May. In Thai Binh, number of WBPH caught by light trap were 22-30 adult/trap/night, 15-19 adult/trap/night; BPH 110-150 adult/trap/night, 20-30 adult/trap/night. IPM demonstration on rice resulted in the reduction of the number of pesticide spray from 7 to 4 sprays, and increased yield and return for farmers. In Thai Binh, yield in the IPm demonstration increased by 660 kg/ha, and return increased by 7,067.000 vnd/ ha. In HưngYên, yield in the IPm demonstration increased by 610 kg/ha, and return increased by 6,825.000 vnd/ ha. Cotton bollworm, armyworm, diamondbacked moth, striped flea beetle, aphids are major insect pests on some key vegetables in two study provinces. Leaf spot, downy mildew, soft rot diseases have severely affected vegetable production and productivity. IPM demonstrations on vegetables resulted in the reduction of the number of pesticide spray from 5-6 to 3 times, reduced pesticide amount, and increased economic efficiency. The application of IPM recuded the pesticides uses leading to reduce environmental pollution.

  43. Thank you very much

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