CHAPTER 23 SECTION 3

1. CHAPTER 23 SECTION 3 THE UNITED STATES IN LATIN AMERICA

2. Bell Ringer • How did 49ers (gold seekers) reach Calif. • What came about 50 years later? (Hint: Iron Horse) • Compare and contrast these two with ships that still had to sail 14,000 + miles to go from east coast to west coast. • How can this be shortened?

3. Review • Imperial vs. expansionist vs. isolationist. • Who is Seward? Perry? • What happened @ Treaty of Kanagawa? • Whats the Great White Fleet? What did it do? • Whats Cuba Libre? • What is Yellow Journalism? 2 Examples from Then and Now.

4. A CANAL ACROSS PANAMA • TR WANTED TO BUILD A CANAL IN THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA • IT WOULD LINK THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC • IT WOULD BENEFIT AM TRADE BECAUSE THEY WOULD PAY LESS AND THE SHIPPING WOULD BE FASTER

5. TO BUILD CANAL- ROOSE HAD TO DEAL WITH COLOMBIA WHICH OWNED THE ISTHMUS • THEY OFF COLUMBIA 10 MILLION PLUS 250000/YEAR. • CO REJECTED IT- ROOSE GOT ANGRY • “SPEAK SOFTLY AND CARRY A BIG STICK.”

6. The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the “big stick”, or the military, • implies an amoral pursuit of political power that • The term comes from a West African proverb, and, at the time, was evidence of Roosevelt’s “prolific” reading habits. • Roosevelt described his style of foreign policy as “the exercise of intelligent forethought and of decisive action sufficiently far in advance of any likely crisis.”

7. Speak softly = negotiating peacefully Carry a big stick = threaten w/ big military

8. ROOSE KNEW PANAMA WANTED TO BREAK AWAY FROM CO • HE SAID HE WOULD SUPP PANAMA IF THEY’D GIVE HIM THAT LAND • THE AMERICAN WARSHIP DROPPED ANCHOR- THE PANAMANIANS REVOLTED- AIDED BY AMERICA- THEY THREW OFF THE COLUMBIANS

9. PANAMA DECLARED ITSELF INDEPENDENT AND GAVE THE CANAL ZONE TO ROOSE ON SIMILAR TERMS TO CO • “I TOOK THE CANAL ZONE AND LET CONGRESS DEBATE.” • DISEASES LIKE MALARIA AND YELLOW FEVER HAD TO BE CONQUERED BEFORE WORK COULD BEGIN ON THE CANAL.

10. PANAMA WAS A MOSQUITO PARADISE • DR WILLIAM GORGAS ELIMINATED MOSQUITOES FIRST BY DRAINING SWAMPS, SPRAYING INSECTICIDE, ETC • GORGAS WON BATTLE- THE CANAL COULD PROCEED • THE DIG WAS HUGE

11. L- Construction work on the Gaillard Cut is shown in this photograph from 1907 R- USS Missouri passes through the canal

12. THE BIG DIG • 40,000 WORKERS DUG CANAL • THEY CARVED THE WORLD’S LARGES ARTIFICIAL LAKE AT THE TIME • THEY REMOVED 200 MILLION CUBIC YARDS OF DIRT • MADE HUGE LOCKS • IN 1914- THE CANAL WAS READY • THE NEW WATERWAY HELPED TRADE • BUT LATIN AMERICA WAS BITTER ABOUT HOW THE US GAINED IT.

13. THE BIG STICK IN LATIN AMERICA • ROOSEVELT EXTENDED THE MONROE DOCTRINE • The Monroe Doctrine said that the Western Hemisphere shouldn’t be colonized by European countries, and the US would not interfere with existing European colonies & the internal concerns of European countries. • defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets, invoked by U.S. presidents, and others. • IN1902- SEV EURO COUNTRIES SENT WARSHIPS TO VENEZUELA • THE US DIDN’T WANT EUROPE TO INTERFERE WITH LA

14. Roosevelt Corollary HE CLAIMED THAT THE US HAD THE RIGHT TO INTERFERE IN LA TO PRESERVE LAW AND ORDER.(*under which United States Marines were frequently sent to Central America)  • BY USING POLICE POWER- HE SAID HE WOULD MAKE THEM PAY DEBTS- BUT THE EURO NATIONS HAD TO STAY OUT • FOR THE NEXT 20 YEARS- PPL USED ROOSE’S COROLLARY TO INTERFERE IN L.A. AFFAIRS.

15. DOLLAR DIPLOMACY • WILLIAM TAFT ALSO FAVORED A STRONG ROLE IN LA • HE WANTED TO USE MONEY TO BUILD IT • DOLLAR DIPLOMACY- BUILD STRONG ECONOMIC TIES WITH LA • AM INVESTORS HELPED BUILD SHIPS AND PORTS AND ROADS; also guaranteeing loans

16. BUT DUE TO THIS- SOMETIMES AM COMPANIES FELT THEY COULD MEDDLE IN POLITICAL AFFAIRS, THEN THE US MILITARY WOULD STEP IN TO PROTECT AM INVESTMENT. • MORAL DIPLOMACY- WILSON’S IDEA- THE US SHOULD CONDEMN IMPERIALISM, SPREAD DEMOCRACY AND PROMOTE PEACE.

17. REGARDLESS, WILSON ORDERED A LOT OF MIL INTERVENTION IN LA • EX: IN HAITI, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC • THE US SAID IT WAS GUARDING ITS OWN- BUT THE LA RESENTED THE HEAVY HANDEDNESS

18. THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO • PORFIRIO DIAZ- MEX PREZ WELCOME AM INVESTMENT • AMERICAN INVESTED MONEY BUT MEX REMAINED POOR • MEXICANS REBLELD AGAINST DIAZ • MADERO TOOK OVER SET UP A DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM • MADERO WAS KILLED BY HUERTA

19. HUERTA HAD BRUTAL TACTICS- WILSON REFUSED TO RECOGNIZEHIS GOVT. WILSON AUTH SALES TO HUERTA’S RIVAL, CARRANZA - plotted with US-Mex. Ambassador, Henry Lane Wilson • US USED A SMALL INCIDENT AS PRETEXT TO STEP IN REMOVE HUERTA AND REPLACE HIM WITH CARRANZA. • CIVIL WAR CONT IN MEXICO

20. PANCHO VILLA WANTED TO OVERTHROW CARRANZA- US SUPP CARRANZA • VILLA KILLED SOME AM CITIZEN, GEN PERSHING WENT WITH ARMY TO CAPTURE VILLA • THEY DIDN’T CAPTURE HIM-BUT THEY SHOWED THEIR WILLIGNESS TO DEFEND THEIR OWN INTERESTS.

22. July 20, 1923 1919 Dodge roadster when a group of seven riflemen appeared in the middle of the road and fired 150 shots in just two minutes into his car. hit by at least 16 bullets, including four in his head, killing him almost immediately

23. AS USE TROOPS HEADED HOME, AM REALIZED THE US WAS NO LONGER ISOLATIONIST • NOW THE US HAD TO DECIDE WHAT TO DO ABOUT THE WAR IN EU.THAT HAS BEEN GOING ON SINCE 1914.