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Chapter 23 Section 1

Chapter 23 Section 1. War Breaks Out in Europe World War I. Causes of WWI - MANIA. M ilitarism A lliances N ationalism I mperialism A ssassination. M ilitarism. Belief that a nation needs strong military It is also a glorification of the military and war itself. A lliances.

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Chapter 23 Section 1

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  1. Chapter 23 Section 1 War Breaks Out in Europe World War I

  2. Causes of WWI - MANIA • Militarism • Alliances • Nationalism • Imperialism • Assassination

  3. Militarism • Belief that a nation needs strong military • It is also a glorification of the military and war itself

  4. Alliances • Signed treaties in which each nation involved pledges to defend the other if attacked by an aggressor • Basically, countries agreed to help each other

  5. Nationalism • Pride and patriotism in one’s nation • In terms of WWI, nationalism became aggressive and because of this a major cause of international tension • Independent nations desired dominance and prestige • rivalries may be regarded as one of the causes of the First World War

  6. Imperialism • Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region • Due to the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, some European nations had a large portion of the world under their control

  7. Causes of World War I • Militarism– Belief that a nation needs strong military. Europeans built up their armies and navies enormously • Alliances– Entangled network of alliances, meaning an attack on one nation would bring all of its allies to its aid. Small conflicts could become larger war. • Nationalism– Europeans were nationalistic – meaning they had feelings of pride and loyalty. Desire to prove their nation was best. • Imperialism– European countries competed for colonies in Africa and Asia. Germany felt it deserved more colonies.

  8. Assassination • The “spark” that started WWI • On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria Hungarian Throne was assassinated by GavriloPrincip, a Serbian nationalist who believed that Bosnia should belong to Serbia

  9. Assassination of the Archduke • Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) assassinated by GavriloPrincip(Serbian) while visiting Sarajevo • Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia – then declares war on Serbia

  10. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Bosnia, on June 28, 1914

  11. GavriloPrincipafter his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  12. The Point of No Return • Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia. • Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary. • Russia pledged their support for Serbia.

  13. Germany declares war on Russia • France pledges their support for Russia • Germany declares war on France • Germany invades Belgium on the way to France • Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany

  14. Steps Toward World War I • June 28, 1914 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, assassinated by a young Serbian man. • July 28 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • July 30 – Russia (Serbia’s ally) mobilizes armed forces • August 1 – Germany (Austria-Hungary’s ally) declares war on Russia • August 3 – Germany declares war on France (Russia’s ally); prepares invasion of Belgium • August 4 – Britain, pledging to protect Belgium, declares war on Germany • August 6 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia • August 12 – France and Britain declare war on Austria-Hungary

  15. Sides are set… • Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria • Allied Powers – Serbia, Russia, France, Great Britain, Italy, seven others

  16. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  17. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  18. The War Begins • Speedy war expected (“We’ll be home by Christmas”) • War of “glory” expected • All had belief in victory – “God is on our side”

  19. German Poster

  20. Schlieffen Plan: • Germany would attack fast by going through neutral Belgium along the coast and defeat France quickly • Then take on Russia in the East. • Germany did NOT want to fight a war on two fronts!

  21. The reality of War – The Western Front • Hopes of quick war gives way to stalemate along the Western Front– Trench Warfare • Soldiers fought each other from dug out trenches • Would storm each other’s trenches • Very bloody and each side would gain very little land • Advanced about one mile per month https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU

  22. The Western Front

  23. Trench Conditions • Trenches were infested by rats and disease • Dead bodies littered the ground • Food was scarce and sleep was almost impossible due to constant artillery blasts

  24. “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud”

  25. Trench Warfare

  26. “No Man’s Land”

  27. Homework ¾ Page hand-written • Research Trench Warfare • Gain a feeling for what it was like living, sleeping, and fighting in these trenches for both sides • Write a letter to loved one from the trenches • Explaining your surroundings and overall feelings during this experience (see? smell? hear? taste? feel?) • Compare and contrast how you thought the war would be to how it really is

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