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___17. Who eventually invaded and conquered the Chaldeans? A. Babylonians B. Iraqis

___17. Who eventually invaded and conquered the Chaldeans? A. Babylonians B. Iraqis C. Egyptians D. Persians. ___18. The great leader of Persia was named: A. Cyrus B. Nebuchadnezzar C. Ashurbanipal D. Cleisthenes. ___19. The Chaldeans can also be called: A. Persian

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___17. Who eventually invaded and conquered the Chaldeans? A. Babylonians B. Iraqis

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  1. ___17. Who eventually invaded and conquered the Chaldeans? A. Babylonians B. Iraqis C. Egyptians D. Persians

  2. ___18. The great leader of Persia was named: A. Cyrus B. Nebuchadnezzar C. Ashurbanipal D. Cleisthenes

  3. ___19. The Chaldeans can also be called: A. Persian B. Assyrian C. Babylonian D. Hebrew

  4. ___27. Which of the following is a characteristic of Persian rulers? A. Abuse of conquered people B. Primitive transportation C. Development of imperial bureaucracy D. Hinduism as a religion

  5. Three Empires that will give you a reason to live. The Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Persians

  6. Where the heck is Assyria? Upper part of Tigris River Valley Present Day Syria Spread all the way into Egypt! http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Map_of_Assyria.png/800px-Map_of_Assyria.png

  7. The Assyrian Army Feared warriors, very organized army 1st to use separate units of infantry and cavalry All adult men served in army

  8. Assyrians, Cont… Assyrian Army conquered many people. Forced them to pay heavy taxes. Built up capital city of Nineveh with taxes.

  9. King Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal ruled around 650 B.C. Divided empire into provinces with governors that controlled each. Built network of roads to improve communication. Very well-educated, collected a library of over 20,000 tablets of poetry, mathematics, epics, etc.

  10. Goodbye Assyrians, Here Come the Chaldeans! Assyrians conquered by Chaldeans 612BC Chaldean = Babylonian Chaldean King Nebechadnezzar leads invasion of Israel. Destroys Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple http://www.hope.edu/academic/religion/bandstra/RTOT/CH13/CH13_F7.JPG

  11. Check this out homies! - Nebuchadrezzar built “Hanging Gardens” palace for wife. - One of 7 wonders of ancient world.

  12. Bring In the Persians! Chaldeans conquered by Persians in 539 BC Persians develop largest empire in world. Known for being nice to conquered people. http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson_images/EvalGraphics/PersianEmpire03.jpg

  13. Cyrus the Great! Ruled 559 BC – 530 BC Expanded empire Freed Hebrews from Assyrians in Jerusalem Also set up satrapies (provinces) governed by a satrap. Typically appointed locals to run satrapies. Later, created road system to travel between satrapies. Developed a system of coinage

  14. ___24. The Golden Age for the Indian Empire happens during which dynasty’s rule? A. Gupta B. Mauryan C. Qin D. T’ang

  15. ___25. Which of the following is a civilization that formed in the Indus River Valley? A. Harappa B. Sumer C. Cairo D. Huang He

  16. Early Indian Civilizations Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro 2 major cities of Indus Valley. Very advanced and organized Polytheistic, believed in afterlife Also created writing system - pictographs

  17. What Happened? Cities disappeared for unknown reason 3 Theories People overfarmed the land Volcanic eruption killed everyone Violent attack by outsiders killing everyone After collapse, Indo -Aryan people migrated in. http://bestanimations.com/Cartoons/WarnerBros/WarnerBros.html

  18. The Indo-Aryans I NEED MORE COWBELL!!! Migrated through Khyber Pass Very structured society Measured wealth by cows Used caste system http://www.nice-one.com/wallpaper.jpg

  19. ___31. What major contribution did Draco make to Athens? A. Increased trade B. Made 1st legal code C. Strengthened democracy D. Created the Assembly

  20. ____36. What man made major reforms to Athens including canceling all debts and ending slavery? A. Cleisthenes B. Draco C. Pericles D. Solon

  21. A B C

  22. Cool Stuff from Greece • Scientists: • Archimedes – invented lever, pulley, calculated Pi • Hippocrates – “Father of Medicine,” created Hippocratic Oath that doctors still use today • Mathematicians: • Euclid – Father of geometry • Pythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem • Philosophy: • Socrates – one of greatest thinkers of age; wanted people to question what was correct. • Plato – student of Socrates; wrote The Republic

  23. More Cool Stuff • Aristotle – student of Plato’s; philosopher and scientist; created method of proving logic called a syllogism (3 logically related statements) • Drama: Aeschylus and Sophocles both known for writing great tragedies for theater http://www.hccy.cg.catholic.edu.au/home/pamela_cohen/greekdrama/maskscomedytragedy.gif http://assets.cambridge.org/052101/0756/cover/0521010756.jpg http://www.prancyhorse.com/estuff/booklist/images/2581f.jpg

  24. The Persians Mean Business Now • Persian leader, Darius, crushes rebellion and punishes Athenians for helping. • 490 BC invades Greece by landing at Marathon. • 1st major battle; Athenians are greatly outnumbered. http://www.maitlandtoysoldiershoppe.com/products/images/grenadastudios/g174-3.jpg

  25. http://www.e-grammes.gr/maps/persian_wars.jpg

  26. Athens Wins!! • Although outnumbered, the Athenians kill 6,400 Persians while only losing 192 Athenians. • One of their heroes was Philippides, he ran approximately 150 miles in two days to get help from the Spartans. True Story!

  27. The Legend of Philippides • After Battle of Marathon, Philippides took the news 26 miles back to Athens. 26 miles = Marathon • While running he screamed, “NIKE!” NIKE = Victory in Greek

  28. The Persians Aren’t Finished • After Battle at Marathon, Persians withdrew from Greece; peace for 10 yrs. • Darius’s son, Xerxes, wants to take over Greece and avenge his father. • 480 BC – 180,000 Persian soldiers backed by the navy invade Greece again. • The Persians conquer northern Greece, but city-states unite to stop the Persians.

  29. How did the Greeks win? • After some terrible setbacks (Thermopylae, Athens is destroyed), the Greeks will lure the Persian navy into a narrow bay called Salamis. • Greek ships rallied and crushed almost all of the Persian fleet.

  30. **Why the Persian Wars are Important?** • Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire. • Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. • Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.

  31. Mr. Hannah, how do you know so much? • We know so much about this war because of the writings of Herodotus, the father of history! http://www.livius.org/he-hg/herodotus/herodotus.jpg

  32. ___39. This war will leave the Greek city-states weak, broken up, and vulnerable to attack from outsiders: A. Persian War B. Peloponnesian War C. Trojan War D. Zulu War

  33. The Delian League • After the Persian Wars, the Greeks felt they needed to defend themselves. • Greek city-states unite to form Delian League as result of Persian Wars. • Defensive alliance to protect against future attacks. • Athens is leader; Sparta does not join. • Over 200 City-states join the Delian League. • Athens now had reason to use it’s powerful navy and control other members of the League.

  34. Problems with the Delian League • All wealth went to Athens because they provided protection. • Misused money and built many extravagant buildings to show off. EX: Parthenon • **This is a period of great cultural achievement for Greece known as the “Golden Age of Pericles”** • Other members of League get upset. http://www.bestanimations.com

  35. Down with the Delian League!!! • Members unhappy with Athens controlling everything. • Trade disagreements erupted. • Extreme tension between Sparta and Athens. • All leads to collapse of Delian League and start of… PELOPONNESIAN WAR!!!! http://bestanimations.com/Animals/Animals2.html

  36. ___50. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of the Pax Romana? A. Expansion and solidification of the empire. B. Relative peace for nearly 2 centuries. C. A clear and bloodless succession of emperors. D. It was created by Augustus Caesar.

  37. Causes for Decline of the Roman Republic • After Roman Republic begins policy of imperialism, to quickly begins to decline. • What is imperialism? • What wars do you believe would have started this? • After the Punic Wars, the Republic is consumed by civil war. • Factors are described in the FALLS Mnemonic that we just learned. • Leads to chaos, corruption, and end of Republic.

  38. Fall related to the new pressures of new social and economic conditions. • Political leaders often resorted to violence to solve problems instead of compromise. http://www.ancientworlds.net/aworlds_media/ibase_1/00/04/06/00040687_000.gif

  39. A huge migration of small farmers into cities = no jobs

  40. Lots of slaves from newly conquered territories • By the fall of the Republic, between 1 & 3 million people living in Rome were slaves. (~35% of population!!) • Slave rebellions in places like Sicily (led by Spartacus) led to grain shortages and chaos. http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html

  41. Loss of value of Roman money, inflation

  42. Spark = Death of Julius Caesar and the fighting over his heir (44 B.C.) • Julius Caesar took power as part of the First Triumvirate (a group of three leaders). • Caesar wrestled power away from the other two leaders and in 49 B.C. became the dictator of Rome. • Many Senators, led by Brutus, felt he was too powerful and conspired to kill him. • On March 15, 44 B.C. (The “ides” of March), Caesar is ambushed and killed by members of the Senate. http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/Rome_Reading_1.html

  43. Who is Julius Caesar? • 60 BC Triumvirate (have to remember this term!) takes control – group of three that rule. • Julius Caesar is one of the three • After a few years, other two die; one dies, one murdered. • Caesar gains control, named dictator for life. • People afraid he would gain too much power • So what do they do?

  44. Death to Caesar • 60 senators plot to kill him • Stabbed to death on the Ides of March in the Senate. • Does he have a clear heir?

  45. The Pax Romana “Roman Peace” (27 B.C.-180 A.D.) • So to review: • Caesar dies 44 B.C. • Augustus is in Caesar’s will, Marc Anthony is angry. • They fight, then cooperate, with Marc Anthony ruling in the East and Augustus in the West. • Augustus gains total control in 31 BC after defeating Anthony and Cleopatra– becomes 1st Roman Emperor. • 27 B.C. – Augustus begins a series of reforms to usher in the Pax Romana.

  46. The Period known as the P.A.X. Romana is remembered for three reasons.

  47. Augustus Caesar established the Pax Romana • Often said Emperor Augustus, “Found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.” • Unified and enlarged Roman Empire using imperial authority and strong military. http://www.roman-britain.org/people/augustus.gif

  48. Peace for Two Centuries (27 B.C. – 180 A.D.) • Why? • The Roman Empire was too strong and united to be challenged. • The Roman military was nearly invincible. http://fiestasiesta.co.uk/history/img/RomanLegion.jpg

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