Review of F ood W aste M anagement S tatus

1. Review of Food Waste Management Status －Take Gutter Oil as an Example Student ID: 1155022239 Name: Ma, Yiwen Course Number: SENV7700

2. Food wasteis food that is discarded or lost uneaten. Gutter oil falls into three categories: One is narrow gutter oil, referring to the oil refined from the greasy floating debris in sewers and leftovers in restaurants and hotels (so- called swill). (2) The second channel is to process and refine from poor quality pork meat, offal and skin. (3) Oil used several times for fried food is the third kind of gutter oil. People usually add some fresh oil into it for reusing.

3. In the past time, food waste is mixed into pig’s feed. Because of the complex source, food waste usually causes illness spreading. • In china, people without environmental awareness often mix food waste with normal household waste, disposal into dustbin. During the process, high water content and organic content decompose food waste, breeding mosquitoes and flies, which seriously damage surrounding environment. • The normal treatment of household waste is incineration and landfill. But these two ways are both not scientific. • incineration and landfill waste a great deal of energy and resources.

4. In Germany: • Technological policy. There is a strict hierarchy for waste treatment in Germany: reduce from sources recycle burn for energy recyclinglandfill. • “Pay as you throw”policy. Some cities apply the meterage for waste fee. Different kind, different volume is the equivalent of different fees.

5. In Sweden: For the local authorities, they should supervise residents and producer to fulfill their own obligations. Waste management is prioritized according to a five-step waste hierarchy. For the households, they have the responsibility to separate and deposit waste at different collection point set by the government in every district. They also should obey the regulations for waste management within their municipality.

6. In Canada: In recycle aspect, If illegal dumping, canteens will be fined 50 thousand dollars. Canadian Water and Wastewater Association is a non-profit organization on behalf of the public sectors, who is the maker of this policy. • Fuel rules are applied to force people use biofuel like gutter oil. Government supports the recycling technologies, inspecting oil collections regularly.

7. In treatment aspect: Step 1: food waste will be crushed first, separating solid and liquid. Qualified solid slag feedstuffafter treatment. Inferior slag organic fertiliser Step 2: liquid separated through step 1 first come to sewage treatment process, flowing via a system named “Living Machine”. Plants, animals and bacterium resolve them to help reach the discharge standard. Step 3: at last, the crude oilfertilisersand biodiesel soaps and ordinary lubricants.

8. In Japan: • Stringent legislation and enforcement are two important reasons of the success. But government also plays a leading role in recycling and reusing aspects. • Gutter oil in Japan is recycled by professional companies and then sold to Japanese government in a high price. • After a series of refinement, gutter oil becomes a specific kind of fuel oil, which can be provided for the dust cart. • Put castor oil into it in the process of refinement to make it inedible.

9. In China: Problems in food waste management: 1. Interestfrom catering business: cost in recycling food waste is very high. leftovers doesn’t be thrown into trashcan because the swill can be sold to pig farmers and businessmen. 2. Difficulties in food waste recycling: Suitable transportation for food waste is rare. because most oil separators are located in narrow allies. Reasonable recycle mechanism is still scarce, which indulge the restaurants discharge used food oil into sewers. The period for food waste collection should be mainly at noon and in the evening.

10. 3. Not enough attention is paid to the issue: • limited and inefficient administration supervision. • Food safety laws and regulations has defects.Although there is a lot of regulations to be clear that using gutter oil for cooking is illegal, they don’t prescribe how to punish this crime. • regulatory standards is imperfect. The backward production mode is hard to reach the standards stipulated by the government in technology and cost aspects. • Most people don’t pay much attention to cheap oil, poor quality pork.

11. Recommendations: 1. Reform the recycling system, enhance marketable function who is now undertaking the mission of recycling? － the sanitation departments. who is now managing recycling system? － also the sanitation departments. Companies who are responsible for recycling should have corresponding qualifications and obtain permission of the department. We can use public tender.

12. 2. Actively guide, strengthen supervision: what is the biggest obstacles for collection? － illegal workshops and the high collection fees.  Government can promote it through signing the contracts with the relevant units.  Reduce fees in following time and provide free trash cans to enlist support of restaurants and hotels.  What’s more, administrative department can add the condition of signing contracts about collecting food waste into the star hotel rating system. 3. Combine with scientific deployment and proper management： For treatment, two features of food waste should be paid attention to － high water content & perishableness  So, a mature and individual system for collecting and transporting is urgent to be established, reducing the potential harm for our environment. ARCGIS can be used for modeling and analysis.

13. 4. Combine dredge and block, manage through multiple channels  improving the management structure and clarifying the responsibility of supervision are urgent. Promoting joint supervision is necessary.  To encourage everyone to take part in food waste management, prizes reporting system should be established.  Provide self-digestion machines like biochemical treatment machine, organic compost machine, small water extractor and garbage crusher to the large-scale enterprise.  Investigation and punishment will be applied to stop the illegal transportation of food waste. 5. More promotion are required to reduce waste from resources  All medium like newspapers, TV, radios and network should be utilized to promote the idea of food waste safe disposal.

14. 6. jump out of the trap that foreign country made for soybean market Is there any other reason that businessman have to use gutter oil? － because the soybean market is controlled by the four big companies from USA, and the unstable price force the businessmen to use gutter oil.  We need to give subsidies to soybean farmers.  we need to pay attention to the price changing trend of Soybean Futures to prepare for the response.  we need to reconsider about the preferential policies offered to those foreign companies. To some extent, they are now driving our factories to produce gutter oil. Preferential policies for foreign companies should be eliminated gradually in the future.

15. Learn from the foreign countries • In accordance with the real conditions in China, put forward the most suitable and scientific ways to improve food waste management.

16. Thank you Email: mayiwen_nju@yahoo.cn