Measurement of Social Impact Generated through Clean Cooking Solutions

1. Measurement of Social Impact Generated through Clean Cooking Solutions Allie Glinski Gender and Development Specialist International Center for Research on Women

2. Process for Defining, Measuring and Reporting on Social Impact • Objectives: • Gain consensus on the key and realistically measurable components and pathways through which the clean cooking sector creates social impact • Create a collection of standardized indicators & measurement methodologies • Create a centralized data capture, management, and analysis system • Why? • To allow partners to track and analyze progress • To aggregate the social impact of the clean cooking sector at a global level • How? • Map and define relevant social impacts • Select key domains of social impact for measurement • Draft indicators • Select/create measurement methodologies • Develop a data capture and management system • Pilot M&E system • Modify and adjust • Roll out ICRW Phase 1

3. Key findings from initial mapping & literature review • The Alliance has a specific interest in understanding and focusing on women’s empowerment and livelihood creation, as both are core areas of the mission. Women’s empowerment in particular has been loosely used in the sector and there is a need to clarify which social impacts actually lead to empowerment. • Women’s empowerment —defined as the combination of increased access to resources and improved agency—will likely be enhanced for women who are engaged in the clean cooking value chain • When women are empowered through the clean cooking value chain, it can have a multiplier effect on adoption and use of clean cooking solutions • There are robust livelihood measurements in other sectors that can be applied and adapted for the cooking sector. • It is well established that one of the biggest impacts that adoption and use of clean cooking solutions has on women is through time saved • However, the nuances of time shifts need to be considered in varying contexts • What exactly women do with this new free time is not well understood • It may be enough to know that women have more time—what results from the activities they choose to do with that time, is a bit removed from the actual adoption and use of the clean cooking solution • Less time spent collecting firewood means decreased vulnerability to safety risks and decreased drudgery • Previously established measurement frameworks exist that we can build off of: Progress out of Poverty (PPI), W+ Standard, IRIS, Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture (WEAI), Environment and Gender Index (EGI), Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) indicators, Gold Standard, Gender GEDI Index

4. Social Impact M&E Needed at Three Levels 1) Social impact conceptual framework for the sector overall – telling a global story • What information do we want from all partners to demonstrate the sector has a social impact? • Suggestions include economic status of household/poverty reduction, time savings, livelihoods created. • Potentially utilize Progress out of Poverty Index for poverty measurements. 2) Social impact M&E indicators, methodologies, and tools to measure and track a limited number of social impact areas at the enterprise/project level. • Set of indicators & methodologies • Guidance for implementation • Results reporting and certification 3) Strategy for M&E deep dive impact evaluations in certain areas. • Areas where specific impact evaluations are needed to fill data gaps and get a more robust picture. For example, the Alliance research studies looking at impact of adoption on households in areas of empowerment, time savings, education, decision-making, etc.

5. Social Impact Conceptual Framework: How involvement in the clean cooking supply chain translates to improvements in women’s social and economic empowerment Components of Empowerment Outcomes of Empowerment Involvement of Women Women investors Employment Women SME owners & executives Income Adoption of clean cooking solutions Agency Voice/ participation Status Women in selection & design of clean cooking products Technical & business skills Multiplier Effect Business & social networks Women in production of clean fuels and/or stoves Decision-making & control over assets/ resources Women in distribution of clean fuels and/or stoves Knowledge of environmental/ health benefits Women in after-sales service of clean stoves Expanded access to capital/credit Financing options targeted to women as consumers Women as borrowers (supply-side)

6. Social Impact Conceptual Framework: How adoption and use of clean cooking solutions translates into improvements in households’ well-being & livelihoods Secondary Outcomes UltimateOutcomes Primary Outcomes Money spent on fuel Shifts in Household Finances Increased financial security/income DRAFT Money earned using clean cookstove/fuel Increased time spent on income- generating activities Enhancedsocial and economic well-being Adoption and use of clean cooking solutions Time spent cooking Increased time spent on informal, non-income generating activities Shifts in Time Use Increased time spent on leisure activities Time spent collecting fuel Increased time spent on education/ training (adult/children) Reduced drudgery (time & heaviness of load) Length/frequency of fuel collecting trips Shifts in Workload Enhanced safety/protection (reduced exposure to potential injury, GBV) Health benefits (reduced smoke exposure, lower rates of accidents/burns) Health benefits

7. Key Domains of Social Impact & Key Stakeholders Key Domains Key Stakeholders Investors Advocates Gender Experts Enterprises/ Implementers Others? (i.e. donors) • Livelihoods • Time • Household economics • Well-being/quality of life • Safety/protection • Drudgery

8. Key Domains of Impact: Livelihoods

9. Key Domains of Impact: Time

10. Key Domains of Impact: Household Economics

11. Key Domains of Impact: Well-being/Quality of Life

12. Key Domains of Impact: Safety/Protection

13. Key Domains of Impact: Drudgery All stakeholder groups agreed there is a need to continue to build the evidence that proves the theory of change for social impact.

14. Current State of Field of Social Impact Measurement 1. Time use • Fuel collection time savings (self-reported, time use activity journals)- distance matters, not just quantity • Cooking time- CCTs- but not time changes in fuel processing/fire management/stove maintenance/cleaning 2. Socioeconomic • Jobs created (sometimes sex disaggregated) • Income (employee salary data v. national averages/minimums) • Microenterprises created • Fuel cost savings (KPTs + national fuel cost surveys; qualitative before/after surveys) 3. Well-being/quality of life • Reduced drudgery (self-reported weight and distance fuel burdens carried) • Other perceived benefits (qualitative survey feedback)

15. Key Questions • How nuanced of an understanding/measurement of time use is necessary to feel that we are accurately, yet feasibly tracking impacts on time use? • Do we need to understand what women do with their saved time? • Should decreases in injuries encountered during fuel collection be captured under “social impact” or “health impacts” • Who will actually be motivated to collect or pay for collection of this data? • How will we validate the data? • How deep within their value chain will we expect enterprises to collect data? • What are the main components of a “quality” livelihood that we will want to measure? • What are some of the key gaps in the theory of change of how clean cooking solutions generate social impact? • How could these be filled in with specific research studies? • Who would fund such studies?

16. Collaboration with ISO Working Group • Alliance process provides content to feed into ISO Working Group • ISO Working Group validates Alliance process and provides input along the way • ISO process helps identify international experts with a wide variety of expertise to engage in the process; Experts have their government’s support to engage in the process • ISO Working Group allows for alignment of social impact M&E guidance with global standards process