The World: 600 -1450

1. The World: 600 -1450 Expanding Communities & Movement People, Goods, Ideas and Animals

2. GLOBAL PROCESS TRENDS TO 1450 • Migration (Vikings, Turks, Aztecs, Mongols, Arab) • Spread of disease • Belief systems (introducing Islam…!) • New Technologies and commerce • Idea of ownership • People, church & state (Crusades, conflict) • Growth of individual (Magna Carta & Renaissance)

3. Demographic and Environmental Changes • Migration of Agricultural Peoples Bantu migrations Europeans to Eastern and Central Europe • Consequences of Disease For ex. Black Plague 1348 • Growth and Role of Cities Urbanization How much of this demonstrates continuity? Pop. Growth + Agricultural Revolution = Urbanization Pop. Growth and expansion + virgin soils = Empire

4. Mediterranean trade circuit Silk Routes IndianOcean Trans-Saharan Trade Trans-American circuits Religious connections: missionaries, inter-religious contact Impact of Mongols Inter-regional networks and Contacts

5. Trans-American trade

6. Religious Connections

7. China: Internal/External Expansion • Sui Dynasty • Tang Dynasty Technological innovations: compass, paper, gunpowder etc. Influence on Japan Footbinding, Neo-Confucianism • Song Dynasty All the makings of an industrial revolution • Early Ming Zheng He voyages, eunochs and nomadic threats

8. Sub-Saharan Africa • West African kingdoms: Ghana, Mali • East African city states: Axum, Kilwa • Southern Africa: Great Zimbabwe • Contacts with Islamic World, Indian Ocean world, and within Africa • Role of Trade, Education and Religion

9. Impact of Mongols: Blessing or a Curse

10. MONGOL SPREAD • East Asia (not Japan or SE Asia) • Middle East (Persia) • Russia IMPACT Conquest Trade Tech. Transfer

11. MONGOL SPREAD? (SE ASIA) • Kublai Khan’s fleet of 1000 Mongol ships hit by a typhoon and then refused permission to land in Champa (Vietnam). They changed direction, but their sick fleet and surprise attack turned them in another direction. Monsoons finally convinced them to retreat entirely.

12. Islamic World: Dar al-Islam • Expanding cultural, economic and political influence Al-Andalus/ Islamic Spain North and West Africa Indian Ocean: East Africa, India, SE Asia • Technological accomplishments: astrolabe, algebra, philosophy, cartography…

13. Al-Andalus

14. Islamic World: Comparisons • Compare Islam to Christianity • Compare Islamic contacts with Europe and with Africa • Crusades- points of view compared • Compare gender changes • Compare support/ patronage of arts and sciences

15. Europe • Break in eastern and Western Christendom: political significance? • Religious schisms compared: Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism Sunni/ Shiite in Islam

16. Europe: Restructureof Institutions • Religion Papacy, Crusades, architecture and education • Development of Feudalism Comparison of feudalism in Europe and Japan Increasing importance of monarchy over church

17. Amer-Indian World • Migrations over the Bering Strait at least 10,000 years ago. • North: Cahokia South: Hohokam • MesoAmerica- Olmecs, Maya, Toltec/Aztec • South America: Nazca, Moche, (Inca)

18. AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS • Aztec (Tenochtitlan/Tlatelolco, territorial conquest, chinampas, simple tech., sacrifice • Mayan (Teotihuacan, pyramids and 3-levels of Cosmos, calendar, math, simple technology • Inca (clan and ayllu, mit’a system for labor, roads, bridges, huge empire w. strong military, Cuzco city with hostages, khipu

19. MIDDLE EAST • Eastern Orthodox Christianity spreads • Byzantine and Sasanid Empires • ISLAM • Spread of Islam • Caliphates • Trade – Southernization: Indian Ocean Trade • Fairly peaceful

20. EASTERN ASIA • Sui (Grand Canal), Tang (Buddhism, loss of silk monopoly, inventions) Song (civil service exam back, Tech., pop+, flying money, credit) • YUAN – Mongols • Khubilai Khan, technology transfer, exchange of ideas and goods, Silk Road open, tax farming MING – GOLDEN AGE: Zheng He, junks Concepts • Spread of Buddhism – silk road • Korea, Japan and Vietnam adapt ideas from Chinese culture, begin to develop their own

21. EUROPE • Fall of Rome: Feudalism/Dark Ages/Middle Ages • Catholic Church & Pope: monasticism • Christian Europe concerned about Islam: crusades • Pope vs. King – as Europe moves out of Middle Ages, King becomes more powerful (investiture controversy) • Black Plague…brought from Mongol fighters in Italy benefits???....leads to RENAISSANCE

22. RUSSIA • BEFORE: Kievian society and Orthodox • MONGOLS (1200): Golden Horde • Took the resources, devastates Kiev • tax farming • Alexander Nevskii saves Moscow • Moscow becomes center • Women in Mongol society?

23. AFRICA • Islam introduced into Africa – trade/peace…Great Zimbabwe, Swahili, Kilwa – SOUTHERNIZATION and trade • Ethiopia stays Christian • Mali Empire and Mansa Musa • Timbuktu • Travellers: Ibn Battuta

24. INDIA • Only violent Islam conquerers in India • DELHI SULTANATE: • Violent, destroyed Hindu temples, people • Raziya (women) • Compare women to Buddhist Empress in China of Wu Zhao during Tang • Trading cities of Calicut, Malabar Coast • Dhow

25. CHANGES IN EUROPE: 1450 • Renaissance • Printing Press • Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman • New art/architecture • Explorers (Dias, da Gama, Columbus) • New World (Cortes, Pizzaro • Spain/Portugal & Treaty of Tordesillas

26. Questions we will focus on: • Was there a world economic network? • How did gender roles change? • How can material culture and urban history help us to understand early societies? • Examples of continuity? Change? • Think about patterns and trends: demographics, social, technological

27. IDEAS TO CONSIDER • What is “southernization”? How did it change trade from the classical period and who were the important players on the scene? • How did southernization lead to westernization and what are the significant differences between them?

28. PEOPLE TO KNOW… • Vladimir I • Ghengis Khan • Ogodei • Khubilai • Ibn Battata • Alexander Nevskii • Zheng He • Rashid al-Din